Fetal Pig Dissection Study Guide

Front 1

Epiglottis

Back 1

Prevents the food from going into the trachea, it covers the opening to trachea when food is swallowed

Front 2

Larynx

Back 2

enlarged, oval-shaped region cranial to the trachea that contains the vocal cords

Front 3

Trachea

Back 3

tube extending from the larynx to the lungs through which air is transported during respiration

Front 4

Esophagus

Back 4

Muscular passage way that connects the mouth and oral cavity to stomach (lies beneath trachea)

Front 5

Thyroid gland

Back 5

produces hormones that regulate metabolism and growth located on the ventral surface of the trachea just caudal to the larynx; produces thyroxine and calcitonin.

Front 6

Lungs

Back 6

receives oxygen (good air) and expels carbon dioxide (depleted air).

Front 7

Heart

Back 7

pumps blood to the whole body

Front 8

Diaphragm

Back 8

under the lungs, muscular sheet separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities; allows the thoracic cavity to expand and compress drawing in fresh air when expanding and expelling stale air with each compression.

Front 9

Liver

Back 9

the largest organ in abdominal region, produces bile which is stored in gall bladder, converts glucose to glycogen for storage, detoxifies, absorbed digested compounds

Front 10

gall bladder

Back 10

located on the underside of the liver, stores bile and releases it into the duodenum.

Front 11

stomach

Back 11

Produces hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, which aid in the chemical breakdown of food

Front 12

pancreas

Back 12

Produces digestive enzymes and delivers them through the pancreatic duct to the duodenum, secretes insulin

Front 13

Common bile duct

Back 13

Transports bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

Front 14

Duodenum

Back 14

Receives chyme from the stomach along with bile and digestive enzymes from the gallbladder and pancreas, first section of the small intestine

Front 15

Jejunum

Back 15

middle portion of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum; primarily responsible for nutrient absorption.

Front 16

Ileum

Back 16

the third portion of the small intestine extending from the jejunum to the cecum; primarily responsible for absorption of nutrients.

Front 17

Kidneys

Back 17

bean shaped organs on either side of spine, filters the blood creating a highly-concentrated metabolic by-product (urine), also responsible for maintaining a homeostatic balance of salts, fluids, and ions within the body (osmoregulation)

Front 18

Ureters

Back 18

connects kidney to bladder

Front 19

Urinary Bladder

Back 19

stores urine until it is eliminated from the body through the urogenital opening

Front 20

Urethra

Back 20

(Male)Receives seminal secretions from testes and accessory glands; also drains excretory products from urinary bladder. (Female) Drains excretory products from urinary bladder (no reproductive function in females)

Front 21

Renal Arteries

Back 21

carry blood into kidneys

Front 22

Renal Veins

Back 22

carry blood out of kidneys

Front 23

Ovaries

Back 23

paired female gonads located caudal to the kidneys, produces eggs and sex hormones in females

Front 24

oviducts

Back 24

passage from the ovaries to the uterus, receives egg at ovulation; site of fertilization

Front 25

Uterus

Back 25

uterine body and uterine horns –where implantation of the embryos occur and extends into the cervix (junction between uterus and vagina

Front 26

Vagina

Back 26

from the cervix – serves as part of the birth canal

Front 27

Urogenital opening

Back 27

opening of the urethra (in males) or the urogenital sinus (in females) through which urine passes as it is eliminated from the body

Front 28

Scrotum

Back 28

pouch extending from the caudal region of the male that contains the testes. Allows the temperature of the testes to be maintained at a lower temperature than the abdominal cavity

Front 29

Testes

Back 29

found between the base of the kidneys and the scrotal sacs, where sperm and sex hormones in males is produced

Front 30

Penis

Back 30

eliminates urine from the body and transfers semen into female reproductive tract

Front 31

Bulbourethral glands

Back 31

lie on each side of urethra these glands produce alkaline secretions that assist in lubrication during intercourse and also aid in neutralizing vaginal acidity

Front 32

Ventricle, left & right

Back 32

chamber of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart into an artery

Front 33

Atrium, left & right

Back 33

chamber of the heart that receives blood

Front 34

Coronary Arteries

Back 34

one of several small arteries located on the surface of the heart that supply freshly-oxygenated blood to the tissue of the heart.

Front 35

cranial vena cava

Back 35

vein returning deoxygenated blood from the upper part of the body to the right atrium of the heart

Front 36

caudal vena cava

Back 36

vein returning deoxygenated blood from the lower part of the body to the right atrium of the heart

Front 37

Auricle

Back 37

flap-like, outer region covering the cranial portion of each atrium.

Front 38

pulmonary artery

Back 38

carries deoygenated blood from right ventricle of the heart to the lungs

Front 39

Pulmonary veins

Back 39

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

Front 40

aorta

Back 40

carries blood from the left ventricle to the body

Front 41

Ductus arteriosus

Back 41

short connection joining the pulmonary trunk with the aorta and allowing a portion of the blood from the pulmonary trunk to enter the aorta instead of flowing to the lungs; present only during fetal development.

Front 42

Brachiocephalic vein & trunk (artery)

Back 42

major branch of the aorta that supplies blood to the head and upper trunk region of the body.

Front 43

Subclavian vein & arteries

Back 43

dumps blood directly into the brachiocephalic vein. (which carries blood to the forelimb and upper portion of the body)

Front 44

Subscapular vein

Back 44

subscapular vein and the axillary vein, both leading from the arm pit, come together to form the subclavian vein

Front 45

external & internal jugular vein

Back 45

lead from the neck region down into the vena cava, along with the internal jugular veins running medially alongside the trachea from the head toward the heart

Front 46

common carotid artery

Back 46

carry blood to the head and brain

Front 47

External iliac veins & arteries

Back 47

vessels become the femoral veins and arteries supply and receive blood from the legs.

Front 48

hepatic portal vein

Back 48

carries blood from the small intestines and pancreas to the liver, where it is filtered before returning to the rest of the body

Front 49

umbilical arteries

Back 49

carry blood from the fetus to the placenta

Front 50

umbilical vein

Back 50

carries oxygen and nutrient rich blood to the fetus from the fetal side of the placenta

Front 51

spleen

Back 51

stores new red blood cells ,blood, recycles worn-out red blood cells, and produces lymphocytes.

Front 52

anus

Back 52

opening of the rectum through which undigested food particles (feces) are eliminated from the body.

Front 53

Genital papilla

Back 53

small, fleshy projection next to the urogenital opening of the female fetus

Front 54

Mammary papilla

Back 54

In females, these will develop into the mammary glands and will be used to secrete milk during lactation for the newborn young

Front 55

Umbilical cord

Back 55

attachment between the maternal placenta and the fetus through which gases, nutrients, and nitrogenous wastes are transported during embryonic development.

Front 56

Mandibular gland

Back 56

salivary gland in mammals that releases fluids into the mouth to facilitate swallowing and digestion

Front 57

Hard palate

Back 57

bony plate separating the rostral portion of the oral cavity from the nasopharynx in mammals. Roof of the mouth

Front 58

Parotid gland

Back 58

large, prominent salivary gland located beneath the skin near each ear of the pig. produce secretions that combine in the mouth to produce saliva

Front 59

Soft palate

Back 59

cartilaginous region of the roof of the mouth that separates the oral cavity from the nasal passageway; located toward the back of the mouth.

Front 60

Sublingual gland

Back 60

salivary gland located underneath the skin and alongside the tongue of the pig

Front 61

Cecum

Back 61

Small, blind-ended out-pocket demarcating the beginning of the large intestine that has no function in carnivores and omnivores , also known as the appendix.

Front 62

Colon

Back 62

Responsible for reabsorption of water and electrolytes; transports feces to the rectum by peristalsis, broken into three sections ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the descending colon, also known as the large intestine

Front 63

Rectum

Back 63

Final site of water reabsorption and feces dehydration, last section of the large intestine

Front 64

pinnae

Back 64

ears

Front 65

vibrissae

Back 65

whiskers

Front 66

digits

Back 66

hooves

Front 67

pharynx

Back 67

tube-like structure that connects oral and nasal cavities to the larynx; provides passageway for respiratory and digestive tracts