Fetal Pig Dissection Notes

Front 1

Pigs Scientific Name:

Back 1

Sus scrofa (either italisized or underlined)

Front 2

Pigs and Humans Kingdom:

Back 2

Animalia

Front 3

Pigs and Humans Phylum

Back 3

Chordata

Front 4

Pigs and Humans Class

Back 4

Mammalia

Front 5

Pigs order:

Back 5

Artiodactyla

Front 6

Humans order:

Back 6

primates

Front 7

Characteristics of mammals

Back 7

-have fur
-bear live young
-nourish young with milk from mammary glands

Front 8

largest group of mammals

Back 8

placental mammals

Front 9

definition placental mammal

Back 9

they develop completely inside their mother's uterus before birth

Front 10

gestation period

Back 10

time of development of a fetus in the uterus

Front 11

pig gestation period:

Back 11

115 days

Front 12

placenta

Back 12

capilairy rich organ that attaches to the wall of the uterus and surrounds they embryo

Front 13

placental function

Back 13

carry nutrients and oxygen from the mother's blood, waste exchange, carbon dioxide removal

Front 14

quadraped

Back 14

four legged

Front 15

biped

Back 15

two legged

Front 16

digitigrade locomotion

Back 16

walking on all four toes

Front 17

plantigrade locomotion

Back 17

walking on feet soles

Front 18

lateral orientation

Back 18

toward the side

Front 19

umbilical cord

Back 19

carries food and oxygen from mother to fetus and carries wastes from fetus to mom

Front 20

snout

Back 20

push, lift weights, and dig (noses of pig)

Front 21

external nares

Back 21

inhale, warm, and filter air (like the nostrils)

Front 22

pinnae

Back 22

external ears, aid in hearing

Front 23

rooter

Back 23

the rigid edge of a pigs snout that helps it dig

Front 24

nicitating membrane

Back 24

3rd eyelid for protection

Front 25

anus

Back 25

terminal opening of the digestive tract

Front 26

periderm (epitrichium)

Back 26

thin covering of wax over the entire body of fetus cuz the fetus is submurged in water and it protects the skin

Front 27

fetus

Back 27

later stage of development that CONTAINS BONES

Front 28

embryo

Back 28

earliest stage of development, has no bones

Front 29

digits

Back 29

toes

Front 30

digitigrade

Back 30

walks on toes, not soles of feet

Front 31

skeletal system support:

Back 31

provides supportive framework for body tissues and organs, give body shape

Front 32

skeletal system protection:

Back 32

provides protection for internal organs

Front 33

blood cell production:

Back 33

produces different blood cells in the bone marrow (SKELETAL)

Front 34

skeletal system movement:

Back 34

provides a strong/lite framework and anchorage for muscles, joints allow flexibility

Front 35

skeletal system minerals:

Back 35

stores minerals esp. calcium

Front 36

how many bones does the human have

Back 36

206

Front 37

what is the one bone that human has but not the pig

Back 37

clavicle

Front 38

are bones alive

Back 38

yes, they are made up of cells

Front 39

2 main skeletal parts

Back 39

axial, appendicular

Front 40

how many vertebray can a human/pig have

Back 40

human:34
pig:56

Front 41

skull:

Back 41

human and pig have skulls made of up of cranium

Front 42

ribs

Back 42

12 pairs of ribs in human
14-15 in pig

Front 43

sternum

Back 43

place in center of chest where ribs attach

Front 44

pectoral girdle

Back 44

in man there are 2 parts of scapulas and clavicles, but pigs have no clavicles

Front 45

forelimbs

Back 45

(ARMS), hands and arms in human, hands have 5 digits, only difference is pig has 4 digits

Front 46

pelvic girdle

Back 46

have 3 separate bones fused during fetal development

Front 47

hindlimbs

Back 47

legs/feet in humans, pigs have only 4 digits

Front 48

caudal

Back 48

means the posterior or inferior part of the body

Front 49

muscular posture maintenance:

Back 49

certain skeletal muscles are kept in partially contracted state to hold up body

Front 50

muscular joint stability:

Back 50

some skeletal muscles help stabalize highly movable joints such as shoulders

Front 51

muscular heat generation:

Back 51

muscles generate heat as byproduct of use

Front 52

voluntary muscles

Back 52

controlled by free will

Front 53

involuntary muscles

Back 53

smooth muscles that can not be controled at will

Front 54

flexion

Back 54

to bend at a joint decreasing the angle at that joint

Front 55

extension

Back 55

to streighten joint increasing the angle at that joint

Front 56

adduction

Back 56

to move appendage away from sagittal midline ex:raising arms from rest at sides to shoulder level

Front 57

abduction

Back 57

to move appendage toward sagittal midline ex:lowering arms from shoulder level to rest at sides

Front 58

antagonists:

Back 58

muscle responsible for returning a muscle to its origional position

Front 59

peritoneum

Back 59

lines the abdominal cavity, supports organs

Front 60

diaphram

Back 60

formes an airtight cavity between chest and abdomen, causes air to flow in and out of lungs

Front 61

hard palate

Back 61

rolls food into a ball in order to swallow

Front 62

soft palate

Back 62

helps swallow

Front 63

salivairy glands

Back 63

secretes enzymes to aid in digestion

Front 64

esophagus

Back 64

tube that pushes food to stomach from the mouth

Front 65

gall bladder

Back 65

stores bile secreted by the liver and releases it to the duodenum

Front 66

cystic duct

Back 66

bile is transferred from gall bladder to duodenum

Front 67

hepatic duct

Back 67

take bile from liver to gall bladder

Front 68

cecum

Back 68

vestigial, end of small intestine (like appendix in human)

Front 69

rectum

Back 69

last portion of the large intestinge, passage for feces out of the body

Front 70

sphincters

Back 70

close of enterence and exits in the digestive system, there are 3: cardiac, pyloric, and anal

Front 71

appendix

Back 71

vestigial structure in humans like the cecum, same location as cecum

Front 72

bile duct

Back 72

small tube that connects the liver and gall bladder to the intestine that carries bile

Front 73

trace food bite

Back 73

mouth, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, pyloric sphincter, small intestine, large intestine, colon, rectum, anus, anal sphincter

Front 74

mesentery

Back 74

double layer of peritoneum membrane that connects intestines, blood suppy to intestine, shiny and keps intestines oildd

Front 75

renal arteries/veins

Back 75

takes/carries to/away blood from/to kidneys

Front 76

nephron

Back 76

a tubelike strucutre in the kidneys that filters wastes from the body and retains useful molecules

Front 77

what is an epiglottis function

Back 77

to prevent food from giong into the lungs when swallowing

Front 78

trace air through body

Back 78

external nares/mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, broncioles, alveoli

Front 79

lobes of the right lung:

Back 79

4

Front 80

lobes of the left lung

Back 80

3

Front 81

right lung lobes of human:

Back 81

3

Front 82

left lung lobes of human:

Back 82

2

Front 83

why does the left lung have less than the right lung

Back 83

the heart occupies place where left lung would be