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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Male behavior |
Testosterone required to initiate and maintain. |
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Male act |
Series of reflexes that result in erection of penis, secretion of mucus into urethra, emission, ejaculation. Sensations result in orgasm associated with ejaculation and then resolution. |
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Nervous system control of erection |
Stimulation: tactile or psychological Parasympathetic- erection due to vasodilation of blood vessels Sympathetic- causes emission, ejaculation |
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Female behavior |
Depends on hormones- androgens and steroids Depends on psychological factors |
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Female Act |
Parasympathetic stimulation- blood engorgement in clitoris and around vaginal opening - erect nipples - mucous like fluid extruded into vagina and through wall. Orgasm in this case is not necessary for fertilization to occur. |
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Path of sperm out of male |
Leave -epididymis Through -vas deferens Pause in -seminal vesicals Pushed by -prostate Exit through -urethra |
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Path of sperm into female |
Pooled in -vagina Swim through -cervix Pushed through -uterus: orgasm, prostaglandins, muscle contractions Swim along -fallopian tube Wait Arrive at the -egg |
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Mission impossible: resistance to sperm |
Find a mate, acids in vagina, cervical mucus, fallopian tube choice, limited energy, sperm deformities, tough egg |
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Timing |
Oocyte- can be fertilized up to 24 hrs after ovulation Sperm cells- can be viable for up to 6 days in a female tract A 7 day fertile period |
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Path to fertilization |
Sperm ejaculated into vagina, but only 1% of sperm enter uterus. Cilia and uterine contractions help sperm swim towards the egg (about 10 hrs) Sperm will surround ovum. Proteins in the ovum membrane trigger release of enzymes from their acrosomes |
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Fertilization |
Once one sperm nuclei makes it into the ovum, it hardens to prevent additional entry. Ovum finishes meiosis. Now the two nuclei fuse to form a zygote. A complete cell diploid (46 chromosome ) |
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Zygote to Morula (bundle of stem cells) |
Zygote moves towards uterus, and undergoes mitosis. This creates many identical cells. Each are still totipotent (undifferentiated - can become any type of cell) 1-3 days |
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Morula to Blastocyst |
Cell start to differentiate -embryo forms -surrounded by three membranes Blastocyst will implant in the uterine wall around day 6. Stem cells are usually harvested from this stage. 4-6 days |
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Issues |
If the cells split during morula stage two or more identical embryos will result. If a zygote embeds in the fallopian tube a tubal pregnancy will result (ectopic). -result in the loss of the embryo and damage to the female. |
