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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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risk factors for cancer of the cervix |
HPV, smoking, DES, weakened immune system, BCP, multiple sex partners |
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DES is no longer used |
maintain pregnancy babies at high risk of cancer of the cervix |
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signs and symptoms of cancer of the cervix |
painless (early), pelvic pain during sex, abnormal bleeding, increased vaginal discharge |
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detection of cancer of the cervix |
HIV test pelvic exam PAP (papanicolau) smear |
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treatment of cancer of the cervix |
surgery radiation chemotherapy clinical trials |
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ovarian cancer is difficult to... |
detect |
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risk factors for ovarian cancer |
genetic mutations (BRCA1/BRCA3), family history, previous cancer, age, no pregnancies, endometriosis, eastern euopean ashkenazi jews, lynch syndrome |
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signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer |
abdominal pain, bloating, gas, indigestion, nausea, feeling of fullness, pelvic pressure, frequent urination, changes in bowel habits, weight loss or gain, malaise, low back pain, vaginal discharge , bleeding |
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treatment for ovarian cancer |
surgery chemotherapy radiation |
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screening/tests for ovarian cancer |
CA 125- high levels in cancer its; 0-35 units/ml pelvic exam ultrasoind biopsy |
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prevention of ovarian cancer |
CA 125 testing (BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic mutation) prophylactic oophorectomy (post childbearing) -70% increased risk of breast/uterine cancer/CV and neurologic disease |
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if ovaries are removed before menopause
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hormones are lost |
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pelvic inflammatory disease |
generalized infection of the female reproductive system |
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causes of pelvic inflammatory disease |
chlamydia, gonorrhea, unprotected sex, multiple sex partners, IUD, history of PID |
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signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease |
sleigh of asymptomatic, fever, foul discharge, painful intercourse/urination, irregular menstrual bleeding, lower abdominal pain systemic- bacteria in blood stream |
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complications of pelvic inflammatory disease |
infertility, ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain, septicemia |
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ectopic pregnancy |
fertilized egg attached to fallopian tube/abdominal wall |
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diagnosis/treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease |
antibiotics hospitalization (IV antibiotics) surgery |
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pregnancy first trimester |
most formative for children morning sickness |
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pregnancy second trimester |
best time for elective treatment |
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pregnancy third semester |
pt may be uncomfortable duet to size watch positioning |
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periodontal disease and pregnancy |
risk-low birth weight babies risk increases if 6-10 times if disease is severe/moderate unknown if treating perio disease decreases affect of fetus |
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menopause causes |
ovaries less functional lowered prod of estrogen progesterone surgical menopause |
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perimenopause |
mid 30s to 40s estrogen levels fluctuate menstrual irregularities similar symptoms to menopause |
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signs and symptoms of menopause |
hot flashes, skin flushing, night sweats, insomnia, mood swings, irregular menstrual spotting, vaginal/urinary tract infections, decreased sex drive, 12 months without period |
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treatment of menopause |
HRT, MHT, phytoestrogen (soy, flax seed, tofu), deep breathing, biofeedback, paxil, effexor, prozac |
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complications of menopause |
osteoporosis, CBD (elevation of serum cholesterol levels |
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risk factors of breast cancer |
age, gender (mostly female), family history, ethnicity, chest radiation, HRT (hormone replacement therapy), alcohol consumption, radiation, previous history, genetic factors BRCA1 BRCA2, dense breast tissue, certain benign breast conditions, BCP (slight risk, obesity |
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signs and symptoms of breast cancer |
lump, mass, breast changes (symmetical, size/shape, dimpled/puckered, scaly, stippled, retraction of nipple, redness, itching), abnormal nipple, discharge, pain, advanced symptoms (bone pain, weight loss, itching swelling of arm, skin ulceration) |
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breast cancer mestastazie |
bone, jaw, spine |
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types of breast cancer |
ductal carcinoma in situ- confined to ductal system infiltrating ductal carcinoma infiltrating lobular carcinoma (10%) - harder to detect in mammograms |
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tests for breast cancer |
breast self exam mammography ultrasound biopsy |
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mammography |
baseline 35-40y 40-50 every other year >50 every year digital mammography dense tissue pre/permenopausal/>50y |
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treatment for breast cancer |
surgery: lumpectomy, total, mastectomy radiation chemotherapy SERM (selective estrogen receptor modulator) anti estrogen -if cancer is sensitive to estrogen aromatase inhibitors- lower amount of estrogen in body PARP inhibitors- block DNA repair in cancer cells high dose chemo + stem cell transplant |
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total breast mastectomy |
breast tissue removal |
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radical mastectomy |
breast and muscle removal |
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lumpectomy |
removes only the area affected less invasive |
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complications of breast cancer |
mestastasis surgical complications psychological effects |
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prevention of breast cancer
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diet, lifestyle, BSE, clinical breast exams, screening mammograms, medications, early detection, preventative mastectomy |
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breast reconstruction |
filled tissue expander/implants muscle repositioning TRAM (trans-rectus abdominus muscle) flap breast reconstruction |
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breast implants |
primary augmentation (cosmetic) primary reconstruction (cancer) |
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types of implants |
saline gel "gummy bear" |
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complications of breast implants |
reoperations, breast pain, capsular (tissue) contraction, canoes in sensation, rupture of implant, migration of silicone gel |
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gel implants ruptures |
asymptomatic MRI required every 3 years |
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premedication for implants |
general rule: premed before dental trophy for 2 years post surgery |
