Female Reproductive System

Front 1

menarch

Back 1

onset of menstruation with the first menstrual cycle, occurring at the beginning of puberty

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28 day cycle: day 1-5

Back 2

menstruation: discharge of endometrial cells, glandular secretions, blood cells

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28 day cycle: day 6-12

Back 3

endometrium is repaired, ovum grows in follicle

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28 day cycle: days 13 and 14

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follicle ruptures, ovulation occurs, egg passes from ovary through the fallopian tube

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28 day cycle: days 15-28

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empty follicle becomes corpus luteum, secretes the hormone progesterone which stimulates buildup of the lining of the uterus. If fertilization does not occur, progesterone production ceases. uterine endometrium breaks down and menstrual cycle begins

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amenorrhea

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absence of menstrual bleeding

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dysmenorrhea

Back 7

difficult or painful menstruation

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menorrhagia

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irregular or excessive bleeding during menstruation

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metrorrhagia

Back 9

irregular bleeding from the uterus between menstrual periods

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menometrorrhagia

Back 10

excessive bleeding during and between menstrual periods

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last menstrual period (LMP)

Back 11

the date indicating the first day of a patient's last menstrual period

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human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Back 12

hormone produced by the placenta, used in drug store pregnancy tests

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menopause

Back 13

permanent cessation of menses. occurs when ova are used up and estrogen secretion from the ovaries lessens

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amnio

Back 14

amnion

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cervic/o

Back 15

cervix

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colp/o, vagin/o

Back 16

vagina

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culd/o

Back 17

cul-de-sac

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episi/o, vulv/o

Back 18

vulva

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gravid/o

Back 19

pregnancy

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gyn/o, gynec/o

Back 20

woman, female

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hydr/o

Back 21

water, fluid

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hyster/o, uter/o

Back 22

uterus

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lact/o

Back 23

milk

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mast/o, mamm/o

Back 24

breast

Front 25

men/o

Back 25

menstruation

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my/o, myom/o

Back 26

muscle, muscle tumor

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nat/i

Back 27

birth

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obstetr/o

Back 28

pregnancy and childbirth

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o/o, ov/o, ovul/o

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egg

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ovari/o, oophor/o

Back 30

ovary

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perine/o

Back 31

perineum

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phor/o

Back 32

to bear

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salping/o

Back 33

fallopian tube

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uter/o

Back 34

uterus

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ante-, pre-

Back 35

before

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dys-

Back 36

painful

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ecto-

Back 37

out, outside

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endo-

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in, within

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intra-

Back 39

within

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multi-

Back 40

many

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micro-

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small

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neo-

Back 42

new

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nulli-

Back 43

no, not, none

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post-

Back 44

after, behind

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-arche

Back 45

beginning

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-gravida

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pregnant

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-parous

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bearing, bringing forth

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-partum

Back 48

birth, labor

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-rrhaphy

Back 49

suture

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amniocentesis

Back 50

surgical puncture to remove amniotic fluid for testing

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oophorectomy

Back 51

surgical removal of the ovary

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episiotomy

Back 52

surgical incision of the vulva (perenium)

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gynecomastia

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condition of female breasts (in males)

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mastectomy

Back 54

surgical removal of the breast

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menorrhagia

Back 55

bursting forth of blood during menstruation

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myomectomy

Back 56

surgical removal of a muscle tumor

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salpingectomy

Back 57

surgical removal of the fallopian tubes

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primigravida

Back 58

first pregnancy

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carcinoma of the cervix (cervical cancer)

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malignant cells within the cervix, can be manifested by cervical dysplasia. HPV can cause it as well.

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papanicolaou test (PAP)

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microscopic examination of cells collected from the vagina and cervix to detect abnormal changes, like cancer

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colposcope

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a thin lighted endoscope inserted into the vagina to allow for direct visualization of the vagina and cervix

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colposcopy

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visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina

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endometriosis

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endometrial tissue is located outside of the uterus, causing inflammation and scar tissue with dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain, infertility, dyspareunia. treated with pain relief, hormones to suppress menstrual cycle, surgical removal of ectopic endometrial tissue, hysterectomy

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fibroids/leimyomata/leiomyomas

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if they grow too large, can cause metrorrhagia, pelvic pain, or menorrhagia. treatment includes hysterectomy, myomectomy or nonsurgical removal.

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ovarian cancer

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may produce few symptoms early on, may metastasize beyond ovaries before being diagnosed. treatment is a total abdonminal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy followed by chemotherapy. Prophylactic oophorectomy significantly reduces odds of developing ovarian cancer for women at high risk.

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polycystic ovary syndrome

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hormone secretion disorder in women, characterized by irregular menstrual periods, excess hair growth, obesity, and numerous other symptoms

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pelvic inflammatory disease

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inflammation of the female pelvic organs caused by infection by any of several common sexually transmitted diseases, such as gonococci and chlamydia. repeated infections can lead to scarring and adhesions within fallopian tubes. treated with antibiotics

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breast cancer

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Most often begins with cells in the milk-producing ducts, or in glandular tissue. most likely caused by a complex combination of environmental factors and genetic makeup. most common genes are BRCA1 and BRCA2

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abortion (AB) or spontaneous abortion (SAB)

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expulsion of an embryo or fetus from the uterus before viability

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therapeutic abortion (TAB)

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abortion performed for medical reasons (such as when the mother's life if threatened by the pregnancy)

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placenta previa

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condition in which the placenta is implanted in the lower segment of the uterus instead of the upper part

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abruptio placentae

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premature detachment of a normally situated placenta

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ectopic pregnancy

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a pregnancy that occurs when the egg implants itself outside the uterus

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gestational diabetes

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diabetes that develops or first occurs during pregnancy

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pregnancy test

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blood test to determine the presence of the hormone hCG secreted by the fertilized ovum

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mammography

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x-ray examination of the breasts; used to detect breast tumors

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pelvic ultrasonography

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recording of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region. can evaluate fetal size, organ development, and maturity, detect uterine tumors or other pelvic masses

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transvaginal ultrasonography

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ultrasound using a transducer inserted into the vagina to view the internal female reproductive organs

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laparoscopy

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can be used for inspection and removal of ovaries, fallopian tubes, diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis, removal of fibroids

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cryosurgery

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a procedure that uses liquid nitrogen to freeze a section of the cervix to destroy abnormal or precancerous cervical cells

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dilation and curettage (D&C)

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surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrial lining of the uterus is scraped with a curette

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hysterectomy

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sugical excision of the uterus

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total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH)

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surgical removal of the uterus and cervix, with or without removal of the ovaries or fallopian tubes, through an incision in the abdomen

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vaginal hysterectomy

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surgical excision of the uterus and cervix through an incision deep inside the vagina

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myomectomy

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surgical removal or myomas

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oophorectomy

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surgical excision of an ovary

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salpingectomy

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surgical excision of a salpinx (fallopian tube)

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uterotomy, hysterotomy

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incision of the uterus

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vulvectomy

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surgical removal of all or part of the vulva

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cesarean section

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surgical incision made through the abdominal wall and the uterus to extract the fetus

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tubal ligation

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sterilization procedure for women in which the salpinges are tied in two places and the tubes between the ligation are removed

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in vitro fertilization

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egg and sperm are combined outside the body to facilitate fertilization

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apgar score

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numeric result of a test conducted on an infant immediately after delivery to evaluate a newborn's physical condition quickly

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gynecology

Back 94

study of the female reproductive system (organs, hormones, diseases)

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gynecologist

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physician who specializes in gynecology

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midwifery

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practice of providing holistic health care to the childbearing woman and newborn

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midwife

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health professional who practices midwifery

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neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)

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hospital department designed for care of critically ill premature and full term infants

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neonatology

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medical subspecialty of pediatrics concerned with the care and treatment of the newborn

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neonatologist

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pediatrician who specializes in neonatology

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obstetrics (OB)

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medical specialty concerned with pregnancy

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obstetrician

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physician who specializes in obstetrics

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pediatrics

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medical specialty concerned with the study and treatment of children in health and disease during development from birth through adolescence

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pediatrician

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physician who specializes in pediatrics

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reproductive endocrinology

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medical sub-specialty within gynecology and obstetrics that addresses hormonal functioning as it pertains to reproduction as well as the issue of infertility

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reproductive endocrinologist

Back 106

physician who practices reproductive endocrinology