Female Reproductive System

Front 1

Ovaries

Back 1

Pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity. Eggs are formed and stored in the ovaries.

Front 2

Ovum

Back 2

Female egg cell

Front 3

Graafian follicles

Back 3

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum. Normally one graafian follicle develops to maturity monthly between puberty and menopause. It moves to the surface of the ovary and releases the ovum, which passes into the uterine tube

Front 4

uterine tubes

Back 4

pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus

Front 5

Fibria

Back 5

finger like projection at the free end of the uterine tube

Front 6

uterus

Back 6

Pear sized and pear shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity, except during pregnancy when it enlarges and extends up into the abdominal cavity. functions: menstruation, pregnancy, and labor

Front 7

endometrium

Back 7

inner lining of the uterus

Front 8

myometrium

Back 8

Muscular middle layer of the uterus

Front 9

Perimetrium

Back 9

outer thin later that covers the surface of the uterus

Front 10

corpus or body

Back 10

large central portion of the uterus

Front 11

fundus

Back 11

rounded upper portion of the uterus

Front 12

cervix

Back 12

narrow lower portion of the uterus

Front 13

vagina

Back 13

a 3 inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body

Front 14

hymen

Back 14

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina

Front 15

rectouterine pouch

Back 15

cavity between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum that is closed at the inferior end

Front 16

bartholin glands

Back 16

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina just above the vaginal opening

Front 17

mammary glands or breasts

Back 17

pair of milk-producing glands of the females. Each breast consists of 15-20 divisions or lobules

Front 18

areola

Back 18

pigmented area around the breast nipple

Front 19

vulva

Back 19

two pairs of lips that surround the vagina

Front 20

clitoris

Back 20

highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra

Front 21

perineumm

Back 21

pelvic floor in both male and female. In females it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and anus

Front 22

arche/o

Back 22

First, beginning

Front 23

Cervic/o

Back 23

Cervix

Front 24

Colp/o ; vagin/o

Back 24

Vagina

Front 25

Culd/o

Back 25

Cul-de-sac

Front 26

Episi/o, vulv/o

Back 26

Vulva

Front 27

Gynec/Gyn/o

Back 27

Woman

Front 28

Hymen/o

Back 28

Hymen

Front 29

Hyster/o,metr/o,metr/i

Back 29

Uterus

Front 30

Mamm/o, mast/o

Back 30

breast

Front 31

men/o

Back 31

menstruation

Front 32

oophor/o

Back 32

ovary

Front 33

Perine/o

Back 33

Perineum

Front 34

Salping/o

Back 34

Uterine tube

Front 35

Peri-

Back 35

Surrounding, outer

Front 36

-Atresia

Back 36

Absence of a normal body opening; occlusion, closure

Front 37

-salpinx

Back 37

uterine tube

Front 38

Amenorrhea

Back 38

absence of menstrual flow

Front 39

bartholin adenitis

Back 39

inflammation of a bartholin gland

Front 40

cervicitis

Back 40

inflammation of the cervix

Front 41

colpitis

Back 41

inflammation of the vagina

Front 42

dysmenorrhea

Back 42

painful menstrual flow

Front 43

endocervicitis

Back 43

inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix

Front 44

endrometritis

Back 44

inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus

Front 45

hematosalpinx

Back 45

blood in the uterine tube

Front 46

hydrosalpinx

Back 46

water in the uterine tube

Front 47

hysteratresia

Back 47

closure of the uterus

Front 48

mastitis

Back 48

inflammation of the breast

Front 49

menometrorrhagia

Back 49

rapid flow of blood from the uterus at menstruation

Front 50

menorrhagia

Back 50

rapid flow of blood at menstruation

Front 51

myometritis

Back 51

inflammation of the uterine muscle

Front 52

oligomenorrhea

Back 52

scanty menstrual flow; less often

Front 53

oophoritis

Back 53

inflammation of the ovary

Front 54

perimetritis

Back 54

inflammation surrounding the uterus

Front 55

pyosalpinx

Back 55

pus in the uterine tube

Front 56

salpingitis

Back 56

inflammation of the uterine tube

Front 57

salpingocele

Back 57

hernia of the uterine tube

Front 58

vulvovaginitis

Back 58

inflammation of the vulva and vagina

Front 59

Adenomyosis

Back 59

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Front 60

breast cancer

Back 60

malignant tumor of the breast

Front 61

cervical cancer

Back 61

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma. Its cause is linked to HPV infection

Front 62

endometrial cancer

Back 62

malignant tumor of the endometrium (uterine cancer)

Front 63

Endometriosis

Back 63

abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas in the pelvic cavity, including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestine, and uterus

Front 64

fibrocystic breast condition FCC

Back 64

disorder characterized by benign cysts in one or both breasts; may cause discomfort

Front 65

fibroid tumor

Back 65

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

Front 66

ovarian cancer

Back 66

malignant tumor of the ovary

Front 67

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 67

inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs; can be caused by many different pathogens. if untreated, the infection may spread upward from the vagina involving uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries, and other pelvic organs; may result in infertility and fatal septicemia

Front 68

prolapsed uterus

Back 68

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina

Front 69

toxic shock syndrome

Back 69

severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia, followed by hypotension and in severe cases: Shock and death; usually affects menstruating women using tampons

Front 70

vesicovaginal fistula

Back 70

abnormal opening between bladder and vagina

Front 71

Hysterectomy

Back 71

Excision of the uterus

Front 72

hysteropexy

Back 72

surgical fixation of the uterus

Front 73

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

Back 73

excision of uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries

Front 74

mammoplasty

Back 74

surgical repair of the breast; to enlarge or reduce in size or reconstruct after removal of a tumor

Front 75

mastectomy

Back 75

surgical removal of a breast

Front 76

mastopexy

Back 76

surgical fixation of the breast

Front 77

oophorectomy

Back 77

excision of an ovary

Front 78

perineorrhaphy

Back 78

suturing of a tear in the perineum

Front 79

salpingectomy

Back 79

excision of a uterine tube

Front 80

salpingo-oophorectomy

Back 80

excision of a uterine tube and ovary

Front 81

salpingostomy

Back 81

creation of an artificial opening in a uterine tube

Front 82

vulvectomy

Back 82

excision of the vulva

Front 83

total hysterectomy

Back 83

Excision of the uterus

Front 84

Bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

Back 84

excision of the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes

Front 85

radical hysterectomy

Back 85

excision of the uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, lymph nodes, upper portion of the vagina, and the surrounding tissues (abdominal)

Front 86

laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy

Back 86

Vaginal excision of the uterus with the use of the laparoscope to view the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 87

Radical mastectomy

Back 87

removal of breast tissue, nipple, lymph nodes, and underlying chest wall muscle

Front 88

Modified radical mastectomy

Back 88

removal of breast tissue, nipple, and lymph nodes

Front 89

simple mastectomy

Back 89

removal of breast tissue and nipple

Front 90

subcutaneous mastectomy

Back 90

removal of breast tissue only, preserving the overlying skin, nipple, and areola

Front 91

Segmental mastectomy

Back 91

removal of a quadrant or wedge of breast tissue

Front 92

lumpectomy

Back 92

removal of the cancerous lesion along with a margin of surrounding healthy breast tissue

Front 93

Anterior and Posterior Colporrhaphy

Back 93

Surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and a rectocele

Front 94

conization

Back 94

surgical removal of a cone-shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment of noninvasive cervical cancer

Front 95

dilation and curettage

Back 95

surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scrape the endometrium with an instrument called a curette. It is performed to diagnose disease, to correct bleeding and to empty uterine contents such as tissue remaining after a miscarriage

Front 96

Endometrial ablation

Back 96

procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

Front 97

laparoscopy or laparoscopic surgery

Back 97

visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity, accomplished by inserting a laparoscope through a tiny incision near the umbilicus. Numerous female reproductive system surgeries are performed with this technique

Front 98

Myomectomy

Back 98

Excision of a fibroid tumor from the uterus

Front 99

Sentinel lymph node biopsy

Back 99

Injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph nodes, the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer. The nodes are removed and microscopically examined. If negative, no more nodes are removed

Front 100

Stereotactic breast biopsy

Back 100

technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

Front 101

tubal ligation

Back 101

closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying

Front 102

Uterine artery embolization

Back 102

minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to fibroids. First an arteriogram is used to identify the vessels. Once identified, tiny gelatin beads the size of sand are inserted into vessels to create a blockage. The blockage stops blood supply to the fibroids causing them to shrink

Front 103

hysterosalpinogram

Back 103

radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes

Front 104

mammogram

Back 104

radiographic image of the breast

Front 105

mammography

Back 105

radiographic imaging of the breast

Front 106

sonohysterography

Back 106

process of recording the uterus by use of sound

Front 107

colposcope

Back 107

instrument used for visual examination of the vagina and cervix

Front 108

Colposcopy

Back 108

visual examination of vagina and cervix

Front 109

culdoscope

Back 109

instrument used for visual examination of Douglas cul-de-sac

Front 110

culdoscopy

Back 110

visual examination of douglas cul-de-sac

Front 111

hysteroscope

Back 111

instrument used for visual examination of the uterus

Front 112

hysterscopy

Back 112

visual examination of the uterus

Front 113

transvaginal sonography

Back 113

ultrasound procedure that uses a transducer placed in the vagina to obtain images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and surrounding structures: Used to diagnose masses such as ovarian cysts or tumors, monitor pregnancy, and evaluate ovulation for treatment of infertility

Front 114

ca-125

Back 114

blood test in the detection of ovarian cancer. It is used to monitor treatment and to determine the extent of the disease

Front 115

Pap smear

Back 115

cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions used to determine the presence of abnormal or cancerous cells, most commonly used to detect cancers of the cervix

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gynecologist

Back 116

physician who studies and treats diseases of women

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gynecology

Back 117

study of women

Front 118

gynopathic

Back 118

pertaining to diseases of women

Front 119

leukorrhea

Back 119

white discharge from the vagina

Front 120

mastalgia

Back 120

pain in the breast

Front 121

mastoptosis

Back 121

sagging breast

Front 122

menarche

Back 122

beginning of menstruation (ages 11-16)

Front 123

vaginal

Back 123

pertaining to the vagina

Front 124

vulvovaginal

Back 124

pertaining to the vulva and vagina

Front 125

Contraception

Back 125

intentional prevention of contraception; also known as birth control

Front 126

dyspareunia

Back 126

difficult or painful intercourse

Front 127

fistula

Back 127

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

Front 128

hormone replacement therapy

Back 128

replacement of hormones, estrogen and/or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause

Front 129

menopause

Back 129

cessation of menstruation, usually around ages of 48 to 53 years; may be induced at an earlier age surgically or medically

Front 130

premenstrual syndrome

Back 130

syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation. Symptoms include nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, and headache

Front 131

speculum

Back 131

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection