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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the three main functions of the uterus?
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1)houses and nourishes conceptus
2)forms maternal portion of placenta 3)expels fetus at birth |
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What are the two major functions of the ovary?
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1) Cortex
2) Medulla |
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What are the components of the ovarian cortex? (4)
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1)follicles
2) corpus luteum 3) atretic follicles 4) corpus albicans |
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What is the germinal epithelium?
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simple cuboidal epithelium covering ovary
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What is the tunica albuginea?
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Dense CT beneath epithelium
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What are atretic follicles?
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degenerating follicles
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What are corpus albicans?
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degenerating corpus luteum
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What is in the ovarian medulla?
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blood vessels and nerves
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When are the follicles active?
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day 1-14 of menstrual cycle
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What are the primordial follicles made of?
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simple squamous epithelium around oocyte
</img> |
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What is the only follicle present before puberty?
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primordial follicle
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What is a primary follicle?
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simple cuboidal/columnar around oocyte
</img> |
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What is the primary multilaminar follicle?
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stratified epithelium surronding oocyte with zona pellucida
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What is the zona pellucida?
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glycoprotein band surronding oocyte that is formed by oocyte and adjacent follicular cells
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What is the theca folliculi?
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layer outside of the basement membrane of the follicular cells
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What are the components of the secondary follicle? (5)
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1) antral spaces/antrum
2) stratum granulosum 3) cumulus oophorus 4) corona radiata 5) oocyte |
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What is the granulosa cells?
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follicle cells around antrum
</img> |
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What is the purpose of the granulosa cells?
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convert androgen from theca interna to estrogen
</img> |
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What is the cumulus oophorus?
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hillock of granulosa cells in which primary oocyte is embedded, is ontop of corona radiata
</img> |
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What is the corona radiata?
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innermost layer of cumulus oophorus cells
</img> |
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What are the two layers of the theca folliculi?
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theca interna - cells secreting androgen
theca externa-outer layer of CT cells |
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How many follicles usualyl progress to mature follicle stage?
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1
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What is the Graafian follicle?
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follicle that will rupture ovulating the oocyte
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When can you find a Graafian follicle?
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day preeceding ovulation
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When does ovulation normally occur?
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day 14 of ovarian cycle
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What are the steps of ovulation? (3)
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1) follicular liquid increases
2) follicle bulges causing stigma (thinning) 3)oocyte and corona radiata detach from granulosa |
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What is eventually turned into the corpus luteum?
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remaining granulosal cells--> granulosal lutein cells
theca interna --> thecal lutein |
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What is the function of the corpus luteum?
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secrete estrogen and progesteron
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What is the corpus albicans?
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degenerating corpus luteum
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What is the structure of the corpus luteum?
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white scar tissue of collagenous material and scattered fibroblast
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What are atresic follicles?
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follicles that are degenerating and this can occur at any stage of development
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What is the function of FSH in female system?
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act on follicle granulosal cells
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What is the function of LH?
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regulate theca interna to secrete estrogen
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What are the steps of oogenesis? (12)
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1)oogonia migrate from yolk sac to fetal ovary
2) mitosis of oogonia 3)oogonia begin meiosis I 4) <b>primary oocyte</b>: diploid in primordial follicle 5) primary oocytes arrest in prophase 6) only follicles present from birth until puberty 7) each month a cohort of primordial follicles goes through the ovarian cycle 8) only one secondary follicle becomes a Graafian follicle 9) LH surge causes primary oocyte in Graafian follicle to complete meisosis I 10) <b>secondary oocyte </b> is formed : haploid 11) secondary oocyte is arrested in metaphase of meisosis II 12) secondary oocyte is ovulated |
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What do primary and secondary follicles contain?
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primary oocyte
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How long is the ovarian cycle?
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28 days
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What are the phases of the ovarian cycle? (and time frame) (3)
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1)follicular phase (day 1-13)
2)Ovulation (day 14) 3) Luteal phase (day 15-28) |
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What is happening during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?
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1) follicles develop
2) follicles differentitae 3) follicles secrete estrogen |
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When do follicles develop?
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during menstruation which is days 1-4
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What happens during the luteal phase?
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corpus luteum secretes progesterone and estrogen until about day 26
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What are the general features of the fallopian tube? (4)
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1)12cm long
2)connects 3)one end open to peritoneum 4)suspended by mensentery |
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What are the subdivisions of the fallopian tube?
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1)infundibulum with fimbrae
2)ampulla 3)isthmus 4) intramural |
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Where is the mucosa most elaborate in?
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infundibulum
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What kind of cells are on the oviduct?
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simple columnar ciliated epithelial
secretory cells folded mucosa |
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What are the four portions of the uterus?
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1) fundus
2) corpus 3) isthmus 4) cervix |
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What are the layers of the body and the fundus?
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1)perimetrium
2)myometrium 3)endometrium |
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What is the perimetrium?
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outer connective tissue covered by peritoneum
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What is myometrium?
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wall of smooth muscle
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What are the components of the endometrium?
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epithelium
lamina propria ie IT IS MUCOSA |
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What kind of epithelium is on the endometrium?
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simple columnar with simple tubular glands
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What is in the lamina propria of the endometrium?
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endometrial stroma containing multipotential stromal cells
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What is the functional zone of the endometrium? (stratum functionalis)
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luminal two thirds
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What is the basal zone? (Stratum basalis)
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lower 1/3 of endometrium
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Which layer is responsive to ovarian hormones?
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stratum functionalis
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Which layer is sloughed off during menstruation?
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stratum functionalis
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What are the phases of the menstrual cycle?
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1)menstrual phase
2) proliferative phase 3) secretory phase 4) premenstrual phase |
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When do the various phases occur?
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menstrual phase (1-4)
proliferative phase (5-14) secretory phase (15-26) premenstrual phase (26-28) |
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What happens during the menstrual phase?
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functional zone has been sloughed off, only basal zone is left
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What happens during the proliferative phase
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functional zone is regenerated from basal zone, glands start to become wavy at the end
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What happens during the secretory phase?
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glands enlarge
glands become tortuous glands become filled with secretory productions stomal cells accumulate glycogen and lipid |
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what do the spiral arteries supply?
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functional zone
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What happens during the premenstrual phase?
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hormones from corpus luteum decrease
basal arteries supply stratum basalis sprial arteries become coiled and supply functional zone |
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How do spiral arteries initate menstruation?
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1) they constrict which leads to necrosis of functional zone
2) spiral arteries relax and blood flows into ischemic functional zone 3) cycles of compression and reopennig lead to sloughing off of functional zone |
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What happens to the endometrium after fertilization?
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blastocyst implants at day 20-21 when endometrium is thickest, glands and spiral arteries are most well developed
blastocyst secretes hCG which maintains corpus luteum so premenstrual and menstrual phase will not occur |
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What is the histology of the endocervix?
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simple columnar epithelium with mucos secreting cells
folding in plica palmate lined with mucos secreting cell connective tissue and smooth muscle |
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What is the nabothian cyst?
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when folds of cervix occlude
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What are the cyclic changes in cervical mucous
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midcycle: abundant secretions to help sperm survive
other times: more viscous less conducive to sperm motility |
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What is the sqaumocolumnar junction?
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junction of simple columnar epithelium of endocervical canal with ectocervix epithelium
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What is the external os?
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meeting place of ectocervix and endocervix
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What is the ectocervix?
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free portion of cervix protruding into vagina
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What is the vagina made of?
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stratified squamous non keratinzed epithelium
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What do vaginal epithelial cells accumulate and why?
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Glycogen to feed resident microflora that maintain acidic pH
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Does the vagina have glands?
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no
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What is in the vaginal wall?
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1) rich blood supply
2) abundant elastic fibers 3) rugae 4) thick smooth muscle layer 5) skeletal muscle around vaginal orifice |
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What does the endocervix surrond?
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the endocervical canal connecting vagina with uterus
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