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274 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
adnexa uteri
fallopian tubes, ovaries and supporting ligaments
amnion
innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
areola
dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
bartholin glands
small mucus-secreting exocrin glands at the vaginal orifice (opening to outside of the body)
cervix
lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
chorion
outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta
clitoris
organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
coitus
sexual intercourse; copulation
corpus luteum
empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after release of the egg cell; literally means yellow (luteum) body (corpus)
cul-de-sac
region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus
embryo
stage in prenatal development form 2-8 weeks
endometrium
inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
estrogen
hormone produced by the ovaries; promotes female secondary sex characteristics
fallopian tube
oen of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
fertilization
union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
fetus
stage in prenatal development from 8-39 or 40 weeks
fimbriae (singular: fimbria)
finger- or fringe- like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH)
secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
gamete
male of female sexual reproductive cell; sperm cell or ovum
genitalia
reproductive organs; also called genitals
gestation
period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
gonad
female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary or testis
gynecology
study of the female reproductive organs including the breast
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
hymen
mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
labia
lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips
lactigferous ducts
tubes that carry milk within the breast
luteinizing hormone
(LH) hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
mammary papilla
nipple of the breast
papilla
is any small nipple-shaped projection
menarche
beggining of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce
menopause
gradual ending of menstration
menstration
monthly shedding of the uterine lining
menses
the flow of blood and tissue normally discharged during menstration
myometrium
muscle layer of the uterus
neonatology
branch of medicine that sutides the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate)
obstetrics
branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
orifice
an opening
ovarian follicle
developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary. ovary of these sacs mature in a woman's lifetime
ovary
one of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis. almond-shaped, about the size of large walnuts, and produce egg cells (ova) and hormones
ovulation
release of the ovum from the ovary
ovum (plural: ova)
mature egg cell (female gamete) it develop from immature egg cells and oocytes
parturition
act of giving birth
perineum
in females, the area between the anus and the vagina
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain. it produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries
placenta
vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. it serves as communication between maternal and fetal bloodstream
pregnancy
condition of a female of having developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks
progesterone
hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of pregnant women
puberty
point in the life cyle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
uterine serosa
outermost layer surrounding the uterus
uterus
hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs.
fundus
upper portion of the uterus
corpus
middle portion of the uterus
cervix
the lowermost, neck-like portion of the uterus
vagina
muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
vulva
external female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice
zygote
stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks
amni/o
combing form for amnion
amniocentesis
surgical punture to remove fluid at the amnion; amniotic fluid is drawn out of the uterus
amniotic fluid
produced by fetal membranes and the fetus
cervic/o
combining form for cervix; neck
endocervicitis
inflammation within the cervix
chori/o; chorion/o
combining form for chorion
colp/o
combining form for vagina
chorionic
pertaining to the chorion
colposcopy
visual examination of the vagina
culdocentesis
needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-sac
culd/o
combining form for cul-de-sac
episi/o
combining form for vulva
episiotomy
an incision through the skin of the perineum enlarges the vaginal orifice for delivery
galact/o
combining form of milk
galactorrhea
abnormal, persistent discharge of milk
gynec/o
combining form for woman, female
gynecomastia
enlargement of breasts in a male.
hyster/o
combining form for uterus or womb
hysterectomy
removal of the entire uterus (including the cervix) through an abdominal incision
total abdominal hysterectomy
TAH. removal of the entire uterus
vaginal hysterectomy
VH. removal through the vagina
laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy
LSH. partial hysterectomy that preserves the cervix
hysteroscopy
visual examination of the uterus
lact/o
another combining form for milk
lactation
the normal secretion of milk
mamm/o
combining form for breast
mammary
pertaining to the breast
mammoplasty
surgical repair of the breast. includes reduction and augmentation (enlargement) operations
mast/o
another combining form for breast
mastitis
inflammation of breast
mastectomy
removal of the breast
men/o
combining form which means menses, menstration, month
amenorrhea
absence of menses
dysmenorrhea
painful menstration
oligomenorrhea
infrequent menstrual periods or scanty menses
menorrhagia
abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods.
-rrhagia
a suffix which means bursting fort of blood
metr/o; metri/o
combining form for uterus
metrorrhagia
bleeding between menses
menometrorrhagia
excessive uterine bleeding during and between menstrual periods
my/o
combining form means muscle
myoma
means muscle tumor
myometrium
The muscular wall of the uterus
myomectomy
removal of fibroids (myomas) from the uterus
nat/i
combining form for birth
neonatal
pertaining to new birth
neo-
a prefix that means new
obstetr/o
pregnancy and childbirth
obstetrics
meaning midwife
o/o; ov/o; ovul/o
egg
oogenesis
meaning egg formation or development
oocyte
meaning egg cell (immature ovum)
oophor/o
combining form means ovary
oophorectomy
removal of the ovary
phor/o
combining form means to bear
perine/o
combining form for perineum
ovum
mature egg cell
ovarian
pertaining to the ovary or ovaries
anovulatory
pertaining to no ovulation
perineorrhaphy
suture of the perineum
oophoritis
inflammation of the ovary
salping/o
combining form for fallopian tubes
salpingectomy
removal of the fallopian tube
uter/o
combining form for uterus
uterine prolapse
Bulging of the uterus into the vagina
vagin/o
combining form for vagina
vaginal orifice
pertaining to the opening of the vagina
orifice
means is an opening
vaginitis
inflammation of the vagina
vulv/o
combining form for vulva
vulvovaginitis
inflammation of the vagina and vulva
-arche
suffix means beginning
menarche
beginning of the period
-cyesis
suffix means pregnancy
pseudocyesis
means false pregnancy
pseudo-
prefix means false
-gravida
suffix means pregnant
primigravida
meaning first pregnancy
primi-
prefix means first
-parous
suffix means bearing; bringing forth
primiparous
a woman who has given birth to at least one child
-rrhea
suffix means discharge; flow
leukorrhea
A thick, whitish discharge from the vagina or cervical canal
menorrhea
discharge of menses
-salpinx
suffix meaning fallopian tube
pyosalpinx
the fallopian tube containing pus
-tocia
suffix meaning labor, birth
dystocia
means painful labor
oxytocia
rapid labor
oxy-
prefix means rapid
-version
suffix means act of turning
cephalic version
the fetus turns so that the head is the body part closest to the cervix
fetal presentation
is the manner in which the fetus appears to the examiner during delivery
breech presentation
is buttocks first or feet first in delivery
cephalic presentation
head first in delivery
dyspareunia
painful intercourse
pareunia
means sexual intercourse
endometritis
inflammation within the uterus
involution of the uterus
return of menstruation after pregnancy; the uterus returns to its normal non-pregnant size
vol-
prefix means to roll
intrauterine device
in place to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg
multipara
means multiple births
multigravida
means pregnant more than once
nulligravida
means no pregnancy
nullipara
a woman who has never borne a viable child
prenatal
pertaining to before birth
pre-
prefix means before
primi
prefix means first
primipara
means first given birth labor
retroversion
A turning or tilting backward, as of the uterus
carcinoma of the cervix
malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
human papillomavirus
HPV means?
dysplasia
abnormal cell growth
carcinoma in situ
CIS means?
cervicitis
inflammation of the cervix
cryocauterization
destroying tissue by freezing
carcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial cancer)
malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
endometriosis
endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
fibroids
benign tumors in the uterus
ovarian carcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)
ovarian cysts
collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary
dermoid cysts
are lined with a variety of cell types, including hair, teeth, and cartilage and arise from immature egg cells in the ovary
teratoma
monster tumor
terat/o
combining form for monster
pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region
carcinoma of the breast (breast cancer)
malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)
lumpectomy
removal of lump
senitnel node biopsy
SNB means?
estrogen receptors
ERs
fibrocystic disease
numerous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast
abruptio placentae
premature separation of the implanted placenta
choriocarcinoma
malignant tumor of the placenta
ectopic pregnancy
implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location
multiple gestation
more than one fetus inside the uterus
placenta previa
implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
preeclampsia
abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
down syndrome
chromosomal abnormality (trisomy 21) results in mental retardation, retarded growth, a flat face with a short nose, low-set ears, and slanted eyes
erythroblastosis fetalis
hemolytic disease in the newborn (HND) caused by blood group (Rh factor) incompatibility between the mother and the fetus
hyaline membrane disease
acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn
respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn
RDS means?
hydrocephalus
accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
meconium aspiration syndrome
abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum
pap test
microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix
pregnancy test
blood or urine test to detect the presence of hCG
hysterosalpingography
HSG. xray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
mammography
xray imaging of the breast
breast ultrasound imaging and breast MRI
technologies using sound waves and magnetic waves to create images of breast tissue
pelvic ultrasonography
recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
aspiration
withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
cauterization
destruction of tissue by burning
conization
removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix
cryosurgery
use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue
dilation and curettage
D&C widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus
exenteration
removal of internal organs within a cavity
pelvic exenteration
is removal of the organs and adjacent structures of the pelvis
laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope
minimally invasive surgery
MIS means?
Tubal ligation
blocking the fallopian tube to prevent fertilization from occuring
abortion
AB
amniocentesis
needle puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw amniotic fluid and analysis
cesarean section
surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus
chorionic villus sampling
CVS. sampling of placental tissues for prenatal diagnosis
fetal monitoring
continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor
in vitro fertilization
IVF. egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
pelvimetry
measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis
alpha-fetoprotein
AFP. high levels in amniotic fluid of fetus or maternal serum indicate increased risk of neurologic birth defects in the infant
atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
ASCUS. the pap smear is abnormal but does not meet the criteria for a specific lesion
abnormal uterine bleeding
AUB
breast cancer 1 & 2
BRCA1/ BRCA2. genetic mutations associated with increased risk for breast cancer
breast self-examination
BSE
cesarean section
c- section
CA 125
protein marker elevated in ovarian cancer (normal range of values is 0-35)
cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
CIN
cesarean section
CS means?
cervix
Cx
ductal carcinoma in situ
DCIS. a precancerous breast lesion that indicates a higher risk for invasive ductal breast cancer
diethylstilbestrol
DES. an estrogen compound used in the treatment of menopausal problems involving estrogen deficiency
dysfunctional uterine bleeding
DUB
endocervical curettage
ECC
estimated date of confinement
EDC
endometrial biopsy
EMB
fetal heart rate
FHR
gravida (pregnant)
G
gonadotropin-releasing hormone
GnRH. secreted by the hypothalamus to stimulate to release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland
gynecology
GYN
hemolytic disease of the newborn
HDN
hormone replacement therapy
HRT
intrauterine device; contraceptive
IUD
laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
LAVH
loop electrocautery excision procedure
LEEP
last menstrual period
LMP
multipara; multiparous
multip
obstetrics
OB
oral contraceptive pills
OCPs
para 2- 0-1-2
a woman's reproductive history: 2 full-term infants, 0 preterm, 1 abortion, and 2 living children
pathology
Path
premenstrual syndrome
PMS
primipara; primiparous
primip
total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
TAH-BSO
trans-rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap
TRAM fla. for breast reconstruction
Uterine artery embolization
UAE
fetus
embryo from the third month after 8 weeks to birth
lactiferous ducts
tubes that carry milk within the breast
gametes
sex cells; the sperm cell and egg cell
gonads
in the female and male that produce gametes (ovaries and testes)
bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy
removal of both fallopian tubes and both ovaries
oxytoxin
hormone that stimulates the pregnant uterus to contract
total hysterectomy
removal of the entire uterus
nulliparous
a woman who has never given birth
cervical carcinoma
malignant condition that can be diagnosed by a Pap smear, revealing dysplastic changes in cells
cystadenocarcinoma
malignant tumor of the ovary
leiomyoma
benign muscle tumor in the uterus
Pap smear
cells are scraped from the cervix or vagina for microscopic analysis
fontanelle
the soft spot between the newborn's cranial bones
apgar score
the evaluation of the newborn's physical condition
abortion
premature termination of pregnancy