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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What are the three phases of the female reproductive system?
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1) Infantile phase: birth-puberty (12-14y/o)
2) Functional phase (reproductive phase): 12-14 to 45-55 (menopause) 3) involution phase: 45-55 years old to death (menopause delineates ovarian involution) |
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What are the structural features of the immature ovary?
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1) primary oocytes in diplotene stage of prophase (1st meiotic division).
- Total number at birth 600,000-800,000 2) oocytes encircled by single layer of squamous follicular or granulosa cells-primordial follicle 3) no corpora lutea, growing or mature follicle |
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What are the cycle changes during the functional phase?
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1) primordial follicles
2) growing follicles (primary (preantral) and secondary (antral) 3) mature follicle 4) ovulation 5) corpus luteum to corpus albicans |
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What is the anatomy of a primary growing follicle?
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Primary:
1) contains primary oocyte (diplotene phase) 2) follicular and granulosa cells 3) ZONA PELLUCIDA: mucopolysaccharide membrane, protects and releases nutrients for oocyte 3) basement membrane 4) fluid accumulation-secreted by granulosa cells 5) THECA FOLLICULI: stroma cells of ovary consists of: Theca interna: small, foamy, steroid producing, next to basement membrane, well vascularized Theca Externa: larger cells, has CT capsule |
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what are the characteristics of a secondary antral follicle?
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1) follicular fluid with antrum formation
2) cumulus oophorus (made of granulosa cells) 3) primary oocyte continues to grow 4) theca folliculi |
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What happens in a mature or Graafian follicle?
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oocyte completes first meiotic phase and becomes a secondary oocyte (some say when oocyte detaches)
1) antrum enlarges (preovulary swelling) 2) theca folliculi well developed 3) follicle max size and migrates to surface of ovary 4) stigma (bulge of ovary) forms, CT thins 5) primary oocyte is full size and located at cumulos oophorus 6) primary completes first meiotic division and becomes secondary oocyte 7) oocyte with corona radiata detaches and floats in antrum |
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Where do you find a secondary oocyte?
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Graffian or mature follicle.
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What are the effects of E2?
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1) stimulate development, growth and maintenance of female reproduction tract and mammary glands
2) control female secondary sex characteristics 3) negative feedback of FSH and LH on adenohypophysis 4) alters developing brain, affects mentation -increase causes granulosa cells to divide |
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What happens in a mature or Graafian follicle?
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oocyte completes first meiotic phase and becomes a secondary oocyte (some say when oocyte detaches)
1) antrum enlarges (preovulary swelling) 2) theca folliculi well developed 3) follicle max size and migrates to surface of ovary 4) stigma (bulge of ovary) forms, CT thins 5) primary oocyte is full size and located at cumulos oophorus 6) primary completes first meiotic division and becomes secondary oocyte 7) oocyte with corona radiata detaches and floats in antrum |
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Where do you find a secondary oocyte?
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Graffian or mature follicle.
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What are the effects of E2?
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1) stimulate development, growth and maintenance of female reproduction tract and mammary glands
2) control female secondary sex characteristics 3) negative feedback of FSH and LH on adenohypophysis 4) alters developing brain, affects mentation -increase causes granulosa cells to divide |
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What are the effects of Progesterone?
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1) stimulate secretion of uterine glands
2) inhibit spontaneous contraction of uterine muscles 3) promote mammary gland development 4) inhibit GnRH -acts with E2 to prepare for pregnancy |
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What are otehr ovarian hormones besides E2 and progesterone?
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1) relaxin - relaxes pubic symphysis
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How long do hypothalamus pulses last?
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5-25 minutes and occurs every 90 minutes
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What happens in a postmenopausal ovary?
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1) ovary decreases in size and oocytes and follicles disappear
2) become fibrous 3) endocrine function stops 4) coropra albicans may persist for a long time |
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Where does fertilization occur?
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Ampulla of Fallopian tubes (2/3 of total oviduct)
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Radial arteries terminates within the ______ into ____ and ____
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within the endometrium into straight arteries and coiled arteries
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Explain the changes in endometrium in both phases of ovulation.
3 Sides |
Proliferative (follicular) Phase:
- 3-14 days, coincides with follicular growth and E2 secretion 1) increase in thickness (1-5mm) 2) glands increase in length and number *3) glands become sinuous and their secretory cells accumulate glycogen (during near midcycle) 4) coiled arteries lengthen and extend to mid to 3/4 of endometrium |
Secretory (luteal) phase:
-Starts 1-2 days after ovulation, coincides with life of corpus luteum progesterone dominates 1) increase of endometrium (6-7mm) due to edema 2) glands become tortuous, lumen increases in size *3) glycogen moves to apex, released in lumen 4) coiled arteries extend close to surface of mucosa 5) veins form many distentions, epithelium cells develop progesterone receptors |
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What causes the acidic pH of vaginal fluid?
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Fermentaion of uterine glycogen to lactic acid
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What allows lymphocytes to pass into vaginal lumen?
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thinning of epithelium in 2nd half of cycle
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What type of glands are found in the external sex organs?
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1) Labia majora: sebaceous and sweat (apocrine)
2) Labia minora: sebaceous glands (not connected with hair follicules) 3) Large vestibular glands: (glands of Bartholin), tubulo acinar glands secrete mucus during sex 4) lesser vestibular glands: smaller mucus gland |
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What is the orientation of the muscles in the muscularis of the uterine tubes?
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Inner-circular
Outer-longitudinal |
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What is the structure of the mucosa layer in fallopian tubes?
3 sides |
Epithelium: simple columnar/cuboidal with ciliated (more in ampulla and infundibulum, beat towards uterus) and secretory cells
-height of cells vary relative to hormone layer (E2 high=tall, end of luteal phase=small) -secretory activity influenced by E2 and progesterone |
2) Lamina Propria
- thin, cellular (mesenchymal) - contains many blood vessels - no glands, no submucosa |
