Female Reproductive Pathology

Front 1

True or false. Follicular cysts in the ovaries commonly develop as a normal part of the menstrual cycle.

Back 1

True

Front 2

What are indications for a hysterosalpingogram?

Back 2

evaluate functional or structural defects of uterus and uterine tubes, evaluate fertility, can be therapeutic

Front 3

Females are born with about 1 million "eggs". They do not produce additional eggs or ova during their lifetime. At the time of puberty girls generally have about _________ remaining.

Back 3

400,000

Front 4

Ther term used to describe an unfertilized ova going through neoplastic changes is:

Back 4

dermoid cyst (teratoma)

Front 5

Benign breast tumors are most commonly found in:

Back 5

Upper outer quadrant

Front 6

Breast tissue goes through changes as women age. This change takes breast from dense fibroglandular to adipose tissues. This process is called:

Back 6

involution

Front 7

A cancer of abnormal growth of epithelial cells, associated with human papillary virus, in female reproductive system which is often is identified in a pap smear is:

Back 7

cervical carcinoma

Front 8

Which neoplastic condition is characterized as being a benign, solid mass influenced by estrogen?

Back 8

Leiomyoma

Front 9

Malignant breast tumors are most commonly found in:

Back 9

upper outer quadrant

Front 10

Which of the following terms describes a duplication of uterus?

Back 10

uterus didelphys

Front 11

That diagnostic procedure used to measure distance between ishial spines (pelvic outlet) and compare information with measurements taken of fetal head is:

Back 11

pelvimetry

Front 12

The absence of menstrual cycle is called:

Back 12

Amenorrhea

Front 13

Radiologists studying mammograms will often look for clusters of calcifications because calcifications will occur in _____% of malignant lesions.

Back 13

40

Front 14

When an embryo develops within the uterine tube it is called:

Back 14

ectopic pregnancy

Front 15

True or false. Patient dose in mammography has been significantly reduced (cut in half) with the use of digital imaging.

Back 15

True

Front 16

Stein-Leventhal syndrome is often associated with:

Back 16

Polycystic ovaries

Front 17

True or false. Malignant breast tumors are dense and stellate?

Back 17

True

Front 18

Normal uterine tissue located outside the uterus is called:

Back 18

endometriosis

Front 19

What can predispose a woman to cervical cancer?

Back 19

HPV, STDs and multiple sex partners

Front 20

Fertilization of the ova takes place in:

Back 20

Uterine tubes

Front 21

What types of bacteria can cause PID?

Back 21

Gonococcus, staphylococcus or streptococcus

Front 22

Termination of a hystersalpingogram is dependent on:

Back 22

spillage of contrast into the abdomen

Front 23

That imaging modality which best differentiates between cystic or solid lesions is:

Back 23

Ultrasound

Front 24

Mastitis is an infection of the breast most commonly associated with what type of bacteria:

Back 24

Staphylococcus

Front 25

This type of malignant ovarian tumor "seeds" cancer cells along peritoneal surfaces and so spreads throughout the abdomen.

Back 25

Cystadenocarcinoma

Front 26

Which factors aids in the reduction of patient exposure during mammography?

Back 26

Digital and the use of compression devices

Front 27

When a lack of uterine support is present, a device is insterted into the vagina to provide support. Name the device.

Back 27

Pessary

Front 28

What does gravid mean?

Back 28

Pregnant

Front 29

In a normal woman the fundus of the uterus lies anterior to the crevis and away from the rectum. This is ___________.

Back 29

Anteverted

Front 30

If the uterus is more vertical than normal it is said to be __________.

Back 30

Retroverted

Front 31

If the juterus is completely bent back and lies against the rectosigmoid colon, it is said to be ____________.

Back 31

Retroflexed

Front 32

If the uterus is tilted vertically forward and lies on top of the bladder it is said to be ____________.

Back 32

Anteflexed

Front 33

Inflammation of the breast is called:

Back 33

Mastitis

Front 34

_____________ result fro faulty reabsorption of the fluid from incompletely developed follicles.

Back 34

Follicular ovarian cysts

Front 35

__________ occur when resorption of any blood leaked into the cavity after ovulation leaves behind a small cyst.

Back 35

Corpus luteum ovarian cysts

Front 36

Enlarged ovaries containing multiple small cysts are called:

Back 36

Polycystic ovaries

Front 37

The most lethal gynecologic malignancy is:

Back 37

Cystadenocarcinoma

Front 38

____________ is a malignant tumor of the ovary, accounting for more than 60% of all ovarian cancers.

Back 38

Cystadenocarcinoma

Front 39

Another name for cervical carcinoma is:

Back 39

dysplasia

Front 40

__________ is a common malignancy caused by an abnormal growth pattern of epithelial cells around the neck of the uterus.

Back 40

Cervical carcinoma

Front 41

___________ are benign solid masses of the uterus that develop from an overgrowth of the uterine smooth muscle tissue.

Back 41

Leiomyomas

Front 42

After menopause, leiomyomas are replaced largely by scar tissue, leading to the misnomer:

Back 42

Uterine fibroids

Front 43

The most common malignancy of the uterus is:

Back 43

Adenocarcinoma of the endometrium (endometrial carcinoma)

Front 44

Benign breast tumors that are usually unilateral and consist of solid, well defined mass that does not invade surrounding tissue is:

Back 44

Fibroadenoma

Front 45

______ is formed by an overgrowth of fibrous and glandular tissue.

Back 45

Fibroadenoma

Front 46

An overgrowth of fibrous tissue or cystic hyperplasia results in:

Back 46

fibrocystic breasts

Front 47

____________ is when there is too much amniotic fluid present.

Back 47

Polyhydramnios

Front 48

_____________ is when there is not enough amniotic fluid present.

Back 48

Oligohydramnios

Front 49

___________ is when an embryo develops outside the uterine cavity.

Back 49

Ectopic pregnancy

Front 50

What is it called when the implantation of the placenta leaves all or part of the cervical os covered?

Back 50

Placenta previa

Front 51

When a placenta prematurely separates from the uterus it is called:

Back 51

placental abruption

Front 52

___________ is a condition in which the placenta extends into the myometrium, causing an unduly firm attachment that bleeds at delivery because it does not separate normally.

Back 52

Placental percreta

Front 53

What is a hydatidiform mole?

Back 53

Abnormal conception in which there is usually no fetus. The uterus fills with cystically dilated chorionic villi that resemble a bunch of grapes.

Front 54

What are contraindications for a hysterosalpingogram?

Back 54

PID, pregnancy, during menstrual cycle

Front 55

What is a sonohystogram?

Back 55

Ultrasound imaging, saline is injected, terminates when saline enters abdomen

Front 56

During the menstrual cycle the ________ enlarges.

Back 56

Myometrium

Front 57

What is bicornuate uterus?

Back 57

Paired uterine horns

Front 58

What is unicornuate uterus?

Back 58

Single uterine tube

Front 59

What is uterine didelphys?

Back 59

Duplicate reproductive organs

Front 60

What is PID?

Back 60

Pelvic inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection. The uterine tubes often infected, usually bilaterally. May lead to sterility from scarring. Antibiotics used to treat.

Front 61

Mastitis is a bacterial infection usually caused by ____________ bacteria.

Back 61

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 62

Follicular and corpus luteum cysts are examples of :

Back 62

Ovarian cysts

Front 63

What type of cysts are common and a normal part of menstrual cycle?

Back 63

Follicular and corpus luteum cysts

Front 64

What is the treatment for endometriosis?

Back 64

Mild cases are treated with hormones. Can be treated surgically.

Front 65

What is Stein-Leventhal syndrome?

Back 65

An endocrine abnormality inhibiting maturation and release of ova.

Front 66

What pathology is associated with Stein-Leventhal syndrome?

Back 66

Polycystic ovaries

Front 67

What is the treatment for polycystic ovaries?

Back 67

Drugs to induce ovulation

Front 68

Polycystic ovaries may lead to:

Back 68

Amenorrhea and sterility

Front 69

What is the treatment for teratomas?

Back 69

Surgical removal

Front 70

Unfertalized ova that go through neoplastic change form:

Back 70

Dermoid cysts (cystic teratoma)

Front 71

What type of malignancy accounts for more than 75% of all ovarian cancers?

Back 71

Cystadenocarcinoma

Front 72

What are risk factors for cystadenocarcinoma?

Back 72

High fat diet, late child bearing, delayed menopause, family history

Front 73

What is the treatment for cystadenocarcinoma?

Back 73

Surgery, chemo, and radiation therapy

Front 74

Metastasis to abdominal structures is common in which ovarian pathology?

Back 74

Cystadenocarcinoma

Front 75

What is the prognosis for cystadenomacarcinoma?

Back 75

Poor because of vague or absent symptoms

Front 76

Solid tissue invading the outside of the ovary presents in which pathology?

Back 76

Ovarian papillary cystadenocarcinoma

Front 77

This malignancy is caused by abnormal growth of epithelial cells.

Back 77

Cervical carcinoma

Front 78

This pathology is tied to hormonal changes in aging women.

Back 78

Endometrial cancer

Front 79

What is the treatment for endometrial cancer?

Back 79

Surgery, chemo and radiation

Front 80

This pathology is caused by overgrowth of uterine smooth muscle tissue.

Back 80

Leiomyoma

Front 81

What sized focal spot is used in mammo?

Back 81

.4-.6

Front 82

What type of female reproductive pathology is influenced by estrogen?

Back 82

Leiomyoma

Front 83

What type of breast tumor is estrogen dependent?

Back 83

Fibroadenoma

Front 84

What are risk factors for fibrocystic breasts?

Back 84

Hormone levels, family, high fat diet, high salt intake, high caffeine intake

Front 85

Why do hydatidiform moles form?

Back 85

Absence of female chromosome (Y only)

Front 86

What is the primary female reproductive organ?

Back 86

Ovary

Front 87

What does the corpus luteum do?

Back 87

Houses the ova as it is maturing, prior to ovulation

Front 88

XX are chromosomes indicating a __________ whereas XY indicates a __________.

Back 88

Female, male