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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In infants, oral cavity and pharynx are __ and -_ |
shorter and narrower
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Fat pads, closing the sulci, are often not present in premature babies -- T or F?
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T
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In infants, epiglottis is __, arytenoids are __, and pyriform sinuses are __ and __
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higher, larger, smaller and more elevated
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in infants there is no dissociation btw tongue and jaw mvt -- T or F?
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T
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Children are obligatory oral breathers -- T or F? |
F -- nasal breathers
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In infants, laryngeal entrance sits__
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just below oral cavity
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Laryngeal position in infants is at __, and in adults it is at __
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C2, C5-C7
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Suckling is acquired around the __ and __ trimesters of pregnancy, and it truly beings around __ to __th week.
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2 and 3rd, 18 to 24
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Suckling is characterized by __, with __
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backward and forward movement of the tongue, with backward movement more pronounced
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Sucking developes at about __
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6 months of age
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Tongue raised and lowered with activity of __
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intrinsic lingual muscles
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Suckling is characterized by __ and __ movement, while sucking has __ and __ movement
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forward-backward, up-down
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Compare and contrast sucking and suckling
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Suckling: tongue protrusion only until lip; forward-backward tongue movement, normal in early infancy. Sucking: tongue protrusion: further out than in suckling; up-down tongue movement; normal in later stages of life
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Suck-swallow ratio is __ in infants
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1:1
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Mastication coordination is fully mature btw __ and __ of age
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3 and 6
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Transitional feeding period begins btw __ and __
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4 and 6 months
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Pharyngeal swallow can be observed in fetuses at __
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12.5 weeks gestation
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Pharyngeal response mechanism in infants same as in adults -- T or F?
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T
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Lower UES is less developed in infants, so they have higher risk of reflux -- T or F?
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T
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Kids start teething when?
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Around 7-9 months
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Jaw movements separate from tongue movements when?
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Around 7-9 months
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More than __ tongue pumps before swallow are considered abnormal
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6
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Abnormal TPS in infants is diagnosed when ___
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bolus remains in valleculae and there is more than 1 sec. delay btw last tongue pump and TPS
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prematurity is __ or more GA; extremely pr. is __ to __ gA
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28; 23-24
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Pulmonary maturity is at __ GA
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35
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Birth before pulmonary maturity can lead to __
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Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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RDS presents as __, __, and __
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reduced pulmonary bloodflow, hypoxia, hypoventilation
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This is treated by __, __ or __
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mechanical ventilation, temp. control, oxygen therapy
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Preterm infants exhibit
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extensor patterns, poorer stability and coordination
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Other signs preterm infants may exhibit include
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oromotor weakness, neurological immaturity, inadequate hunger signals, incomplete oral-motor reflexes, inefficient movement patterns
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States of alertness in infants include (5)
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deep sleep, light sleep, drowsiness, quiet alert, active alert crying
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Normal infant heart rate is __ to __
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120 to 140 bpm
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Bradycardia is
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drop in heart rate, sustained for 10 secs, to less than 90
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Tachypnea is
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increase in respiratory rate above 60
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Desaturation is
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decrease in blood oxygen level below 90&
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Normal infant respiratory rate is
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30 to 60 breaths per minute
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Optimal feeding posture for infants is
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-neutral head position (btw flexion and extension)
-trunk and neck elongation -hips, knees, ankles at 90 degrees -symmetrical stable positioning of feet |
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Respiration-swallow coordination is unstable until __
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3 months of age
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Saliva swallow rate should be no less than __
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1/5 minutes
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Desensitization hierarchy for infants goes as follows:
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Tolerate, interact, smell, touch, taste, eat
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Down syndrome is characterized by __ including 4 things and __
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oromotor problems (reduced tongue coordination, lateralization, hypotonicity, small oral cavity), oral hypersensitivity
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Down syndrome is also characterized by
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delayed TPS, reduced tongue base action, reduced laryngeal elevation, frequently silent aspiration, and GERD
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