Federalism

Front 1

Gibbons V. Ogden(1824)

Back 1

Case established the principle that congress has sole authority over interstate commerce.

Front 2

Unfunded Mandates

Back 2

Federal lawas that required states to meet certian regulatory standards, but providdes no money to help states comply. Congress enacted a law in 1995 to curtail the practice.

Front 3

Concurrent Powers

Back 3

Those powers which are exercised independently by both the national and state government. Those powers shared by both levels of government, I.E., state and nation.
(ex: Power to tax, power to borrow and power to regulate commerce with in their own borders. Both the federal and state government colaborate with each other with in many geographic spheres.)

Front 4

Expressed Powers

Back 4

Those delagated powers of the national governtment that are given to it in so many words by the U.S. constitution; also sometimes called the "enumerated powers"

Front 5

Federalism

Back 5

A systerm of government which allocated powers between nation and state government. "Federalism" and "federal system" are used inter changeably. Both national and state government exercisd power over the same geographical area.

Front 6

New Federalism

Back 6

President Ronald Reagans effort to restore to state government responsibility for making and implenting policies.

Front 7

Supremacy Clause

Back 7

Clause that states that "the constitution, and the law of the United states... shall be the surpreme law of the land"

Front 8

Block Grants

Back 8

Federal grants to the state and local communities that are for general use in a broad area, such as community development.

Front 9

Enumerated Powers

Back 9

ARe powers that are granted specifically to the three branches of the federal government under the constitution. synonomous with delagated powers and expresses powers.

Front 10

Reserved Powers

Back 10

Powers retained by the states, as dictated by the 10th admendment.

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Delegated Powers

Back 11

Powers which are granted to, and exercised ONLY by the national government. The delegated powers are specifically listed in the U.S. constitution at articles 1,2,3. The delegated powers are also known as expressed powers.

Front 12

McCulloch V. Maryland(1819)

Back 12

An important 1819 supremem court case in which cheif justice John Marshall's ruling established the key concept of implied powers, broad constuction of the constitution, and the national supremecy.

Front 13

Unitary System

Back 13

A system of government in which power is concentrated in the central government.

Front 14

Implied Powers

Back 14

Pwer of national government that flow from it's enumerated powers and the "elastic clause" of the constitution.

Front 15

Dual Federalism

Back 15

The belief of having seperate and equally politcal levels of government is the best arrangement. It is a concept of the govenment understand which the surpremem court saw itselfas a referee between two compelling power center-the states and federal government each with it's own respnsibility.

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Categorical Grants

Back 16

Federal grants to states and local communities that are earmarked for specific purposes only, such as pollution control, schools, or hospitals. Also known as grants-in-aid.

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Mandates

Back 17

The instuctions or commands a constituen gives to it's elected officials concerning policies.

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Grants-In-Aid

Back 18

Federal funds provided to states and localities grants in aid are typically provided for airports, highways, education, and major welfare services.