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7 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain the role of the hormones insulin and glucagon in the regulation of blood glucose
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1. (When blood glucose rises (hyperglycemia)- like after a meal)
- Insulin (from the pancreas, targets liver, muscle, adipose tissue)--> glucose is cleared from the blood and glycogen is created. 2. (When blood glucose falls (hypoglycemia) like after exercising) - Gluagon (from pancreas, targets liver-->Glycogen breakdown=increased blood glucose in blood stream-->Hyperglycemia. Glucagon increases blood glucose level |
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What is the normal range of blood glucose in humans?
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70-100mg/dL
- liver is responsible for maintaining this |
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Describe diabetes mellitus type 1
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Autoimmune attack on the pancreas. Complete failure of blood glucose regulations. Autoimmun reaction occurs-->attacks beta cells in pancreas that make insulin-->pancreas looses ability to produce insulin=results in elevated levels of blood glucose. Insulin must be injected for life. Strong genetic predisposition. Insulin producing cells in pancreas are destroyed
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Describe diabetes mellitus type 2
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Progressive disease. Characterized by insulin resistance. Insulin production is not inhibited, but ability for body to respond to insulin is affected-->eventually amount of insulin produced from pancreas leads to high blood glucose. Insluin production may be low, normal, or high
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What are the diet management approaches to diabetes type 1?
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- Insulin injections.
- Diet must be coordinated with insulin-must regulate intake of carbohydrates. - Exchange system/Carbohydrate counting (through diabetic exchange system) - regular meals and 1 or more snacks as well as a well regulation of CHO:Protein:Fat to maximize swings in blood glucose - Diet should include ample fiber -Supply energy in balance with expenditure - Low in sat. fats and cholesterol |
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hat are the diet management approaches to diabetes type 2?
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Weight loss can reduce risk or help manage
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What are the complications of diabetes? (7)
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1. Leading cuase of kidney disease (nephropathy)
2. 60-70% of diabetics have mild to severe nerve damage (neuropathy)= diabetes is leaing cause of amputations, can affect bladder control 3. Leading cause of blindness-glucose can affect capillaries in eye 4. Hypertension in 60-70% of diabetics 5. 2-4X risk of stroke, 6. faster age decline in cognition 7. 2-4X risk of heart disease. Usually the cause of death with people with diabetes. |
