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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genotype
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genetic blueprint
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Phenotype
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observable characteristics
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Dominant-Recessive Pattern
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dominant genes always express their characteristics,
recessive genes come in pairs to express their charac. |
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Genomic Imprinting
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some genes biochemically marked at the time ova and sperm develop
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Mitochondrial Inheritance
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genes in the mitochondria, fluid surrounding the nucleus of the ovum
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Twins
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Identical-same ova (egg) and sperm
Fraternal-two ova are fertilized by two different sperm, Semi-identical-one ova fertilized by two sperm |
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Multi-factoral Inheritance
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genetics and the environment,
ppl. activley process their experiences, and shape/select their experiences |
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Autosomal Disorders
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non-sex linked
caused by dominant and recessive genes |
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Chromosomal Errors
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too few or too many chromosomes
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Trisomy 21
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Down Syndrome,
mental retardation, distinctive facial features, physical abnormalities |
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Sex Chromosome Anomalies
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XXY-Klinefelter's syndrome
XO-Turner's Syndrome XXX-Girls with an extra X XYY-Boys with an extra Y |
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Germinal Stage
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The Zygote
conception to implantation blastocyst implants specialization of cells needed to support development-Placenta, umbilical cord, yolk sac, amnion |
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Embryonic Stage
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forms the foundations of all body organs,
neural tube develops, major organs & systems begin to develop, many organs & systems to functions |
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Fetal Stage
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growth from 1/4oz. & 1in to 7lb. & 20in,
refinement of all organs, neuronal proliferation, age of viability-24 weeks, full term status-week 37 |
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Mother's Experience:
First Trimester |
zygote implants in the uterus,
prenatal care is critical, ectopic pregnancy in fallopian tube is possible, |
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Mother's Experience:
Second Trimester |
fetus grows rapidly,
sex can be determined after week 13, fetal movement at week 16, gestational diabetes, risk of miscarriage drops |
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Mother's Experience:
Third Trimester |
colostrum,
emotional connection b/t mom and baby, fetal hiccups & thumb sucking visible, fetus has regulare periods of rest & movements, toxemia-sudden high blood pressure |
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Teratogens
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substances that can damage an embryo,
first 8 weeks is the most dangerous, duration & intensity of exposure important, each organ most vulnerable when it develops the fastest |
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Teratogens:
Drugs |
prescription
over the counter marijuana/heroin cocaine smoking alcohol-FAS |
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Teratogens:
Maternal Influences |
rubella, HIV
STD's, diet malnutrition, age chronic illnesses |
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Prenatal Development:
Environmental Hazards |
mercury, lead,
arsenic, anesthetic gasses, solvents, parasites |
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Prenatal Development:
Maternal Emotions |
stress,
distress makes fetuses grow slowly, |
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Fetal Assessment/Treatment
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Ultrasonography,
Chorionic Villus Sampling, Amniocentesis, Alpha-fetoprotein test, Fetoscopy |
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Birth Choices
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Location-home, hospital, birthing rooms;
nurse wives; drugs during labor/delivery; lamaze-natural |
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Labor Stages
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1-contractions, dilation of the cervix;
2-actual delivery; 3-delivery of placenta & umbilical cord |
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Assessing the Neonate
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Apgar Scale,
Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment |
