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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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why is hypertension so significant?
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it is one of the most important factors driving morbidity due to CVD
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what is the result of untreated HTN?
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end organ damage and death
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how difficult is HTN to tx?
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usually not, although asymptomatic it is readily detectable and treatable
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what is the prevelence of HTN?
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depends on the population studied, common in any population but more common in non-whites.
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(T/F) HTN is the most common dx in primary care
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True.
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what are the stages of HTN and their definition?
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sys dias
stage I - 140-159 90-99 stage II - > 160 >100 |
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how else can HTN be defined?
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primary
secondary |
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what is the difference between primary and secondary HTN?
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primary (essential) - idiopathic, represents an interaction of predisposing determinants and exogenous factors.
secondary - resulting from an underlying condition (most commonly renal disease) look at table on pg 133 |
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what effect is common to both primary and secondary HTN?
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increase in systemic vascular resistance at the arteriolar level (target site for drugs)
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define isolated systolic HTN. Cause?
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systolic BP > 160mmHg with dias BP < 90mmHg
aging- decrease in elasticity and compliance of the walls of the aorta |
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what is the ultimate reason for tx of HTN?
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PREVENT END ORGAN DAMAGE
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which organs does the damage primarily involve?
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heart/blood vessels
brain/eye kidney |
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what is the cause of essential HTN?
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unknown, but several factors have been identified
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list some factors assoc. with HTN
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genetics- complex disorder, may be a phenotypic expressions of several genetic defects. Genes responsible for some rare HTN syndromes have been id'd.
environmental factors: salt, level of physical activity, obesity, EtOH consumption renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis |
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what is the natural hx of HTN
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depends on:
age of onset severity of HTN co-existence of other CV risk factors all accelerate athersclerosis that invariable occurs |
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untreated HTn results in shortened life expectancy by
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10-20 yrs
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(T/F) mild untreated HTN isn't that bad
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False. Pts will develop atherosclerotic complications and end-organ damage
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Has anti-HTN therapy been successful? How so?
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Yes, it has been proven to reduce risk of MI, stroke and CHF
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how many pts develop malignant HTN?
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<1%
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how does malignant HTN present?
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severe medical emergency (BP >200/140)
severe headache/cerebral edema vomiting visual disturbances paralyses coma stupor seizures renal failure microangiopathic hemolytic anemia fibrinoid necrosis of small artery walls |
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is malignant HTN reversible?
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yes, w/ appropriate tx all sx can be reversed
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What do you do after diagnosing HTN?
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confirm it. may require several visits/tests
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what are the goals of hx taking, physical examination and testing?
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dx of HTN
uncovering secondary forms of HTN est. pre-tx baseline check for end-organ damage assess overall CVD risk profile assess factors that might influence tx |
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what does the initial lab eval. for HTN pt include?
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hematocrit
urinalysis, BUN, creatinine K+ level EKG Chest X-Ray blood glucose, uric acid, cholesterol |
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what is a major barrier to compliance?
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side effects
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