Fauvism, Cubism (Analytical & Synthetic) +Damien Hirst

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Fauvism

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The “Wild Beasts”c. 1905-06“Donatello au milieu des fauves!”“Donatello among the wild beasts!”—French art critic Louis Vauxcelles

-Bright, strong non-local color; Painterly.

-Henri MatisseFrench (leading Fauvist), Andre Derain

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Henri Matisse

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Henri MatisseFrench, 1869-1954leading Fauvist; one of greatest modern artists

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Henri Matisse, Dinner Table La Desserte

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Henri Matisse. Dinner Table La Desserte. 1897Impressionist-like period

-not important but it shows that he had a distinct type of brushstrokes before fauvism.

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Henri Matisse,

Carmelina

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Henri Matisse, Carmelina. 1903

-favorite theme: female nude; bold pose, sculptural, loosely painted.

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Henri Matisse, Open Window

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Henri Matisse, Open Window. 1905

-transitional phase toward full-fledged Fauvism; combination divided brushstrokes and flat areas; extreme freedom of color.

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*

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*Henri Matisse, TheJoy of Life. 1905-06.Oil on canvas, 5ft 81/2in x 7ft 9 3/4in(1.74 x 2.38 m). TheBarnes Foundation,Merion, Pennsylvania

-mature Fauvist work

-joyful due to bright colors, broad areas of modulating but flat color, non-local (unrealistic) color, high intensity;

-strong outline; lack of realistic space or proportions, sensuous nudes

-form (especially color, of prime importance

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Andre Derain

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(French, 1880-1954)

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#

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#André Derain, London Bridge. 1906

-fairly accurate perspective and proportions, but non-realistic color (non-local color);

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Georges Rouault

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Georges Rouault. Head of Christ. 1905. Oil onpaper, mounted on canvas, 39 x 25 1/4 in. (99.1x 64.2 cm). The Chrysler Museum, Norfolk,Virginia

-another, more expressive fauvist. Explored spiritual and psychological themes in his work.

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Cubism

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(1907-19)

-Early Development:Pablo Picasso (Spanish, 1881-1973)*Les Demoiselles d'Avignon. 1907

-Extremely influential movementDeveloped primarily by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque

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Pablo Picasso

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Spanish (1881-1973)mostly lived and worked in France

-Could actually paint very well (ex: First Communion painting)

-Blue Period: Melancholic, cold paintings

-Rose Period: brighter palette; earth colors, but also pinks, reds, blues, etc.

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*

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*Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d’Avignon

-June-July 1907. Oil on canvas, 8’ x 7’8” (2.4 x 2.3 m). The Museum of Modern Art, NY

-Very significant, breakthrough, beginning of cubism

-Subject matter: a brothel, prostitutes, his shock

-Cubist characteristics: high degree abstraction, flat space & form, faceted planes, angular shapes, multiple POVs, gradations of value within faceted shapes

-*influence of Egyptian & Greek archaic sculpture, and African (face masks)

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Analytical Cubism

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1910-12

-First official phase of Cubism

-multiple perspectives, use of simple geometric shapes, interlocking planes, and, (later) collage.

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*

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*Pablo Picasso, The Accordionist. 1911. Oil on canvas,51 1/4 x 35 1/4 in. (130 x 89.5 cm). Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum, NY

-faceted planes, angular shapes, flat, with high degree of abstraction, multiple POVS, merging of figure and ground, .

-limited palette with gradation of values within angular shapes,

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*

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*Georges Braque, The Portuguese. 1911. Oil on canvas,117.2 x 81.3 cm. Offentliche Kunstsammlung Basel, Basel,Switzerland

-use of stencils letters and numbers in an abstract way

-faceted planes, angular shapes, flat, with high degree of abstraction, multiple POVS, merging of figure and ground, .-limited palette with gradation of values within angular shapes,

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Synthetic Cubism

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-1912-14

-Collage: pasting materials to a surface (e.g. canvas); often unrelated materials

-Braque and Picasso also added drawing (and/or paint)

-More colorful than analytical work

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*

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*Picasso, Still-Life withChair Caning. 1912.Collage of oil, oilcloth, andpasted paper simulatingchair caning on canvas, 101/2 x 13 3/4 in. (26.7 x 35cm). Musée Picasso, Paris

-1st collage

-Painted Analytical Cubist aspects combined with collage (print of chair caning on oilcloth, glued to canvas);rope for frame

-Suggests (abstractly) chair, table (with newspaper and other objects);

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#

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# Braque, Newspaper, Bottle, Packet of Tobacco (Le Currier). 1914. Collage of charcoal, gouache, pencil, ink,and pasted paper on cardboard

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Cubist Sculpture

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-image: Guitar by Picasso

-break-up of form, abstraction

-solids of voids, voids where expect solids

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ex of cubist scuplture

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Duchamp-Villon. The Horse. 1914.Bronze. Peggy GuggenheimCollection, Venice

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Discussion: Damien Hirst

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British, b. 1965

Typical works (until recently):

1) Spot Paintings: an arrangement of color spots with titlesthat refer to pharmaceutical chemicals

2) Spin paintings, are created by centrifugalforce, when Hirst places his canvases on aspinner, and pours the paint as they spin.

3) Medicine cabinet pieces where Hirstmakes arrangements of various drugs,surgical tools, and medical supplies.

4) His tank pieces, which contain deadanimals, that are preserved informaldehyde

-hated by Robert Hughes (critic)

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-The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living. 1991 Damien Hirst

-13-foot tiger shark preserved in formaldehyde (weighing 23 tons), divided into 3 cubes

-Hirst on title: it was “just a statement that I had used to describe the idea of death to myself.”Hirst liked the title’s “poetic clumsiness” because it conveyed “something that wasn’t there, or was there.”

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* Damien Hirst, This little piggy went to market, this little piggy stayed at home. 1996. Steel, GRP (glassreinforced plastic) composites, glass, pig, formaldehyde solution, electric motor; 2 tanks, each 120 x 210x 60 cm. Collection, Charles Saatchi

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* Damien Hirst. Hymn. 2000. Painted bronze, 240 x 108 x 48 inches (609.6 x 274.3 x 121.9 cm),

-Edition of 3

-almost exact replica of Scientist Anatomy Set; much larger;

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Damien Hirst, For the Love of God. 2007. Platinum, diamonds, and human teeth, 17.1 x 12.7 x 19.1 cm.

-platinum cast of the skull of an unknown 18th-century European, encrusted with 8,601 pavéset diamonds

-sold to a consortium that included Hirst himself and his gallery White Cube.

-Hirst threatened to sue a 16-year old boy (Cartrain) for £200 because he incorporated pictures of For the Love of God into graffiti stencils and sold them on the Internet.