Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
102 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Reasons for wearing clothing
|
Physical need
Psychological need Social need |
|
|
Physical need
|
-functional
-protection |
|
|
Psychological need
|
-adornment/enhancement
-Identification |
|
|
Social need
|
-Modesty
-Status |
|
|
Conspicuous Consumption
|
buying simply because you have the money
-flaunting status |
|
|
Economic and social influences on fashion
|
-sportswear
-Hollywood influence -volume clothing production -womens suits-like men -natural fibers -patriotic |
|
|
1920's
|
-post WW1
-women's rights -sportswear -luxury |
|
|
1930's
|
-Depression
-Conservative -Hollywood influence -Soft look |
|
|
1940's
|
-WWII
-US designers -strong nationalism -Dior post-war "new look" |
|
|
1950's
|
-Baby boom
-volume clothing production -Classics -at home attire |
|
|
1960's
|
-new technology
-freedom, drugs, sex,divorce -wild patterns, color, -Jackie O |
|
|
1970's
|
-Women's lib, equal rights
-Classic look, seperates -Women's suits |
|
|
1980's
|
-grafftti art
-music videos -home computers -androgynous dressing |
|
|
1990's
|
-everyone busy
-natural fibers -"chic grunge" |
|
|
2000's
|
-Internet shopping
-Discounts -Patriotism -scantily clad = sexy |
|
|
Garment
|
an article of wearing apparel
|
|
|
Accessories
|
the articles added to complete or enhance outfits
|
|
|
Styles
|
design, shape, or apparel item distinguished by unique characteristics
-"smart" way of doing things |
|
|
Fashion
|
currently popular style accepted by a group of people and seen over a period of time
|
|
|
High Fashion
|
very latest or newest styles
|
|
|
Mass Fashion
|
styles produced in volume and sold at lower prices
|
|
|
Design
|
unique version of a style; the plan used to put an idea together
|
|
|
Avant-Garde
|
most daring and wild designs
|
|
|
Fad
|
temporary fashion appealing to many people for a short amount of time
|
|
|
Semi-Couture
|
market between designer and couture
|
|
|
Classic
|
style popular over an extended period of time even through fashion change
|
|
|
Ford
|
style produced at same time by by many diff. manufacturers at diff. prices
|
|
|
Fashion Look
|
total accessorized outfit
|
|
|
Trickle up theory
|
Fashions start with lower classes or youth and work its way up (versace red-light)
|
|
|
Trickle Down theory
|
Fashions start with upper class and trickle down to masses as people copy them
|
|
|
Trickle Across Theory
|
No one group ifluences fashion
|
|
|
Soft Goods
|
stages from fiber to consumer
|
|
|
Hard Goods
|
appliances, hardware
|
|
|
Flop Cycle
|
very short amount of time at the start of the increase of the Normal cycle
|
|
|
Fad Cycle
|
Middle most amount of time at peak of cycles
|
|
|
Normal Cycle
|
After classic cycle and at beginning and end of Fad cycle
|
|
|
Classic Cycle
|
least dramatic curve
|
|
|
4 Fashion Cycles Curve
|
38
|
|
|
Soft Goods Chain
|
The channel of distribution for apparel and home textiles
1)Textile Segment 2)Apparel Segment 3)Retail Segment |
|
|
Textile Segment
|
-fiber production
-yarn produc. -fabric manuf. -fabric finishing |
|
|
Apparel Segment
|
-desgining
-manuf. -sales |
|
|
Retail Segment
|
-Quantity Buying
- Single Item selling |
|
|
4 Levels of Apparel Industry
|
1)Textiles and Findings Manufacturer
2)Apparel Manufacture,Contractor, Retailer 3)Retailers 4)Consumers |
|
|
Apparel Retailers
|
cut out intermediaries and make more profit
|
|
|
Level 1
|
raw goods
|
|
|
Apparel Retailers
|
make their own private brands
|
|
|
Apparel Contractor
|
Specialty do work sent from manuf.
|
|
|
Apparel Manuf.
|
do designs from cutting and sewing
|
|
|
Fashion Merchandise
|
goods with strong current customer appeal
35 % of apparel market |
|
|
Commodity merchandise
|
Staple items with long, steady demand
20 % of app. market |
|
|
Seasonal Merchandise
|
Wider appeal than fashion goods but change with the seasons
45% app. market swimsuits -sell second longest behind commodity |
|
|
Extended Problem Solving
|
-High financial or social risk
ex: prom dress |
|
|
Limited Problem Solving
|
-Some prior buying experience
-moderate level of spending involved ex: business suit |
|
|
Habitual Decision Making
|
-Store brand, loyalty
ex: nylons |
|
|
Brand loyalty
|
harder to get new customer than returning customer
|
|
|
Stages of Consumer Decision Making
|
1) Need Recognition
2) Information Search 3) Evaluation 4) Choice 5) Visit 6) Loyalty |
|
|
Information Search
|
-merchandise assortment
-competition -cost -past experience -percieved risk -time pressure |
|
|
Personal and societal reasons people go shopping
|
-self-reward
-need -social experience -satisfy -entertainment *women eat at mall more than men |
|
|
Factors influenceing buying decision process
|
-beliefs (on performance)
-values -attitudes -family -Reference group (friends, TV) -Culture/Religion |
|
|
Methods for Segmenting Retail Markets
|
Simplifies your understanding of the market
-geographic -lifestyle -demographic -feelings and behaviors |
|
|
Collection vs. line
|
Collection- a specific seasonal presentation of a designer
Line- cheaper version of collection |
|
|
Fast Fashion
|
shorten time between development and selling to consumers to 2 weeks
ex: Zara |
|
|
Secondary Lines
|
lower priced designer ready to wear
|
|
|
House Botiques
|
small retail shops owned by a designer
|
|
|
Licensing
|
when a manufacturer is granted the rights to produce brands & sell under brand label ex: polo
|
|
|
Franchising
|
given exclusive rights to distribute a brand in an area
ex: stride right, Cht Mall |
|
|
Bridge
|
secondary lines of designer
|
|
|
Better
|
high quality at reasonable prices
|
|
|
Price Market Categories
|
Designer
Bridge Better Moderate Budget |
|
|
4 years
|
Innovations new fibers
|
|
|
2 Years
|
color projections and fabric development
|
|
|
18 months
|
Trend projections
|
|
|
12 months
|
fabric manufacturing
|
|
|
7-9 months
|
apparel designing
|
|
|
3-6 months
|
retailers order from manufacturers
|
|
|
2-4 months
|
apparel manufacturing
--retailers sell to consumers |
|
|
Great Britian
|
Menswear
|
|
|
Japan
|
Textile dyeing techniques
|
|
|
China
|
Fine needle, high quality sewing
*coming to forefront in design |
|
|
Italy
|
designer
|
|
|
marker making
|
make patterns on computer so have least amount of waste possible
97% |
|
|
Flow Chart of apparel manufacturing
|
designing
pattern and sample making edit buy materials pattern grading garment construction finish stockroom sell distribute |
|
|
Apparel Production costing
|
-Materials/Fabric
-Direct Labor -Overhead -Profit -Wholesale Price |
|
|
overhead
|
rent, maintenance, utilities
|
|
|
other
|
findings, trimmings
|
|
|
Apparel Production Systems
|
-traditional tailor
-progressive bundle -unit production -modular manufacturing |
|
|
traditional tailor system
|
-one person assembles garment alone
|
|
|
Progressive bundle system
|
-make diff parts of garment and move from station to station
|
|
|
Unit production system
|
-conveyor belt goes around to stations
|
|
|
Modular Manufacturing
|
team of people make garment but everyone knows how to do ENTIRE garment
|
|
|
Assortment Gap
|
selection of products offered in retail store
|
|
|
The retailer as a manufacturer/consumer link
|
closes gap between
|
|
|
Retention Retailing
|
keep consumers coming back
|
|
|
Retailer as image creator
|
-whats refelcted in store environment
|
|
|
Quantity Gap
|
limit quantity so consumer can choose 1 item
|
|
|
Place Utility
|
Retailer brings goods to a store near you- convenient
|
|
|
Time utility
|
Lead time so that goods are available when you need them
|
|
|
Retailer links
|
Assortment Gap
Quantity Gap Place Utility Tme Utility |
|
|
The right Product
|
Functional Features
Aesthetic Features Service Features Psychological Benefits |
|
|
Operating profit=
|
Gross Margin-operating expenses
|
|
|
Gross Margin=
|
Net Sales-Total Cost of Goods Sold
|
|
|
Operating Expenses=
|
Payroll+Rent+Utilities+Supplies
|
