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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Categories of intrinsic risk factors
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1)Age-related physiologic changes
2)Chronic diseases 3)Acute diseases 4)Medications |
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Age-related physiologic changes
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1)sensory
-decreased visual acuity 2)musculoskeletal -decline in muscle strength 3)Gait |
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Chronic diseases
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1)visual
-cataracts,glaucoma 2)musculoskeletal -osteoarthritis, neuropathies 3)neurological -CVA,dementia,parkinson's 4)cardiovascular -orthostatic hypotension, recurrent syncope 5)anxiety and depression |
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Acute diseases
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1)CVA
2)MI 3)Seizures 4)febrile conditions |
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Medications
1)reduce alertness or retard central processing 2)impair cerebral perfusion 3)induce extrapyramidal effects |
1)analgesics, psychoactives
2)antihypertensives, antiarrhythmics,diuretics 3)phenothiazines |
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Categories of extrinsic risk factors
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1)physical environment
2)ambulation devices 3)footwear |
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physical environment examples
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1)environmental clutter
2)lack of grab bars/rails 3)armless chairs and low toilet seats |
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Up and Go Test
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1)get out of standard armchair, walk 3 mters turn, walk back to chair and sit down
2)<10s is freely mobile, <20s is mostly independent |
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Items measured in the Morse Fall scale
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1)hx of falling; immediate or w/in 3 months
2)secondary diagnosis 3)ambulatory aid 4)IV/Heparin Lock 5)Gait 6)mental status |
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Fall assessment
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1)circumstances of fall
-"SPLATT" (symptoms, previous falls, location, activity, time, trauma) 2)medical problems 3)medications 4)physical examination -BP, mental status, vision, cardiac, neurologic, musculoskeletal, podiatry 5)lab and imaging studies -CBC, electrolytes, BUN, Cr, CT/MRI |
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Complications of falls
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1)phsyical injury
-distal forearm fracture -musculoskeletal injuries -hip fractures -head trauma 2)long lies -dehydration, pressure sores, rhabdomyolysis 3)restricted activity 4)psychological effects 5)health care costs |
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Medical strategies in management of falls
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1)treat concomitant medical problems
2)d/c inappropriate meds 3)calcium/vit D supplement 4)d/c excessive alcohol use |
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Rehabilitative strategies
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1)exercise
-strengthen muscle groups 2)ambulation devices -canes, walkers, wheelchairs 3)consultants -PT, podiatric service, Ophthalmic exam |
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Environmental Strategies
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1)home safety checklists
2)unobstructed pathways 3)bed supports and bed rails 4)lighting sources and access |
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Behavioral/Psychosocial strategies
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1)patient education
2)social service referral 3)increase person's confidence 4)increase person's independence |