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10 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
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Hasty Generalization
Making assumptions about a whole group or range of cases based on a sample that is inadequate
"My roommate said her philosophy class was hard, and the one I'm in is hard, too. All philosophy classes must be hard!"
Post Hoc
"after this, therefore because of this"
"President Jones raised taxes, and then the rate of violent crime went up. Jones is responsible for the rise in crime."
Slippery Slope
Chain reaction resulting in a dire consquence
"Animal experimentation reduces out respect for life. If we don't respect life, we are likely to be more and more tolerant of violent acts liek war and murder. Soon our society will become a battlefield in which everyone constantly fears for their lives. It will be the end of civilization. To prevent this, we must stop animal experimentation now."
Faulty appeal to authority
Reference to respected sources or authorities that are irrelevant
"We should abolish the death penalty. Many respected people, such as actor Guy Handsome, have publicly stated their opposition to it."
Ad Populum (Band Wagon)
Takes advantage of people's desire to be liked and fit in. One of the most common versions is the bandwagon fallacy.
"Gay marriages are just immoral. 70% of Americans think so!"
Ad Hominem
(ad hominem) "against the person" and "you,too!" (tu quoque) Attacks the person, not the argument.
" Andrea Dworkin has written several books arguing that pornography harms women. But Dowrkin is an ugly, better person, so you shouldn't listen ot her."
Appeal to Pity
Attempt to get people to accept conclusion by making them feel sorry for someone.
"I know the exam is graded on performance, but I deserve an A because I've had a terrible week and couldn't study.
Appeal to Ignorance
Nothing is conclusive so it is argued that a conclusion should jsut be accepted.
"People have been trying for years to prove that God does not exist, But no one has yet been able to prove it. Therefore, God exists."
Straw Man
The arguer sets up a wimpy version of their opponents' argument and tries to score points by knocking it down.
"Feminists want ot bann all pornography and punish everyone who reads it! Bust such harsh measures are surely inappropriate, so the feminists are wrong: pron and its readers should be left in peace."
False Dichotomy/ Either-or fallacy
Arguer sets up the situtation like there is only two choices. Then elminates one in favor of their own argument. Faulty because there is more than two different choices.
"We could either fight terrorists in Iraq or at home. There are no other options. But since fighting them from home lacks a significant impact, we must fight them in Iraq.