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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fallacy of composition
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What is true of part is true of whole |
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Fallacy of division
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incorerectly assuming that what is true of the whole is true of the part
ex: students at the u are just so lazy. I bet that student over there has never done a hard days work |
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False analogy
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Drawing an enological conclusion when the cases compared are more dissimilar than they are similar
ex: Like harvard, the U should admit only the very best students |
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Strawman
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Misrepresenting an apponents position especially as weaker or more extreme than it really is so that it is easier to attack
ex: The state government is clearly anti education; they hate giving the U even a dime |
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False Dilemma
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presenting two choices as if they were the only options when in reality there are more than two available
ex: you can either work hard in this class or you can fail |
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Ad Populum
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an argument that you should believe something is true just because the majority believes it is true; also called bandwagon
ex: BYU is a much better school than the U. Ask around, everybody knows that. |
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Ad Hominim
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An irrelevant attack on an opponent rather than on the opponents arguments; translated as to the person
ex: dont believe a word that professor says. he’s a seahawks fan. |
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Traditional wisdom
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Justifying a claim by saying that this is the way things have always been done
ex: theres no way the U should change to the quarter system; we’ve always had the semester system |
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Post Hoc
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assuming that something caused something else because the second thing came after the first
ex: after hiring kevin coe the u admitted its best ever incoming class. nice work coe |
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Mistaking Correlation for Causation
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incorrectly assuming that a correlation between two things indicates cause and effect
ex: u students stay up late and get good grades. Goes to show that staying up late makes you smarter |
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Slippery Slope
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arguing without evidence that a given event is the first of a series of steps that will inevitably lead to some outcome
ex: If the you increases tuition this year, you can be sure they'll do it every year |
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Begging the Question
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To assert as true something that actually needs proof “circular reasoning” (using the claim AS evidence) is common form of this
ex:you can tell u students are highly intelligent because they are all so smart |
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Appeal to ignorance
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taking the absence of evidence for a claim as evidence against it or taking the absence of evidence against a claim as evidence for it
ex: no u student could ever go on to be present. after all not one of them ever has |
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Red Herring
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a fallacy in which an irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue
ex: you claim you can get a great education at the u, but thing about the severe whether |
