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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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TAE KWON DODO!!!!!!!
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Physiologic apoptosis
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cell death is required for normal development and homeostasis
embryogenesis immune tolerance (if you are but a mere mortal who is too weak to handle autoreactive lymphocytes) regression of temporary tissues (uterine involution) tissue homeostasis |
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pathologic apoptosis
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excessive or deficient apoptosis results in dz
virus indeuced (CD4+ lymphocyte depletion by immunodeficiency viruses) viral inhibition of apoptosis (poxviruses and epstein-barr virus) autoimmunity (if you're cool like that) neoplasia |
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what is apoptosis
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what happens when you push the red button
programmed cell death |
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____ is the mediator of apoptosis in the face of irreparable DNA damage
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p53
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what cytokine can stimulate apoptosis
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TNF
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what is p53
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the mediator of apoopytosis in the face of irreparable DNA damage (such as what you see with UV radiation, toxins, and free radicals)
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____ is impt in signaling apoptosis in the face of irreparable DNA damage caused by free radicals
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p53
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decreased apoptosis results in
a. Neoplasia b. Autoimmunity c. Immunodeficiency d. A & B e. A & C |
d. A & B
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_____ is involved in apoptosis signaling by death receptor binding
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TNF and Fas-Fas binding
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Fas-Fas binding is used by
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cytotoxic lymphocytes
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apoptosis signaling
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irreparable DNA damage
- mediated by p53 death receptor binding - by TNF - by Fas-Fas binding (cytotoxic lymphocytes) perforin granzyme pathway - used by cytotoxic lymphocytes - perforin creates pore => granzymes inserted into cell where they activate capases lack of necessary factors - growth factors - hormones (withdraway induces apoptosis leading to organ atrophy) |
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what are the steps in apoptosis
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signaling
- irreparable DNA damage - death receptor binding - perforin granzyme pathway - lack of necessary factors control - Bcl-2 - p53 execution - mediated by capases removal |
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apoptotic control
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determins whether cell will commit to or abort apoptotic pathway
Bcl-2 - an anti-apoptotic molecule binds p53 - a pro-apoptotic molecule in response to DNA damage - mutated in many types of cancer |
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apoptotic execution
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mediated by caspases
activation of endonucleases - cleave DNA into multiples of 180-200 bp protein cross linking - cell shrinkage activation of proteases - cleave nuclear scaffold and cytoskeleton - karyorrhexis and cytoplasmic budding |
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apoptotic removal
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by phagocytosis
surface membrane phospholipid is flipped to be exposed on surface phagocytes recognize this signal and engulf apoptotic bodies |
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cytotoxic lymphocytes use what for apoptotic signaling
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perforin granzyme pathway
perforin creates pore granzymes inserted where they activate capases |
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during execution of apoptosis, activation of _____ leads to karyorrhexis & cytoplasmic budding
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proteases
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during execution of apoptosis, activation of _____ leads to cleavage of DNA into multiples of 180-200 bp
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endonucleases
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_____ is mutated in many types of cancer
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p53
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morphology of apoptosis
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cell shrinkage
- smaller more dense cell chromatin condensation - clumps of chromatin along nuclear membrane apoptotic bodies - formed by cytopolasmic blebs (may contain pieces of nucleus) phagocytosis - occurs quickly - tingible body macrophages |
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apoptosis vs necrosis
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apoptosis
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apoptosis
cell shrinkage |
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cell shrinkage
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cell shrinkage
chromatin condensation |
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cell shrinkage
chromatin condensation |
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cell shrinkage
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phagocytosis
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