Fagan Ancient Lives - Chapter 10 Terms

Front 1

Sunda

Back 1

continental shelf of SE Asia during late Ice Age

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Wallacea

Back 2

Sulawesi and Timor, SE Asia, during late Ice Age

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Sahul

Back 3

the landmass consisting of Australia, New Guinea, and the surrounding continental shelf during Late Ice Age

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Liang Bua Cave, Flores

Back 4

site that yielded a series of diminutive human skeletons, Homo floriensis, dating to before 38,000 and 13,000 years ago

Front 5

Jeremalai Cave, East Timor

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a cave visited by tuna fishers at least 42,000 years ago, early evidence for the human occupation of Wallacea off SE Asia

Front 6

Huon Peninsual, New Guinea

Back 6

site where 40,000 year old ground stone axes offer early evidence of human settlement on the island

Front 7

Willandra Lakes, Australia

Back 7

shell middens and campsites dating from 37,000 to about 26,000 years ago

Front 8

Cro-Magnon, France

Back 8

rock shelter near Les Eyzies in SW France where the first late Ice Age people (UP people of W and Central Europe, often called Cro-Magnons) were found in 1868

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Abri Pataud, France

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rock shelter used by UP foragers in SW France during late Ice Age, famous for its evidence of reindeer hunting

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burin

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chisel-like stone tool made on a blade used for grooving stone, antler, bone, and wood for making rock carvings

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groove and splinter technique

Back 11

longitudinal grooving of antler and bone to produce long, parallel sided grooves for making spear points, harpoons, and other artifacts; used by UP and Mesolithic peoples

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blades

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long, parallel-sided flakes produced from pre-shaped cores with the aid of a punch; characteristic of many UP peoples

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foreshaft

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a short staff on which a projectile point or harpoon was mounted, the foreshaft then hafted to a long stave. (when the weapon hit its quarry, the foreshaft would break off in the wound, allowing the hunter to rearm his weapon, as well as causing more serious injury to quarry)

Front 14

spear thrower

Back 14

a hooked and sometimes weighted stick or equivalent device used for hurling spears

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Magdalenian culture

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Late Ice Age culture w/ sophisticated tech and art tradition, found in SW France, parts of central Europe, and northern spain; flourished btw 15,000 and 12,000 years ago

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Trois Freres, France

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Magdalenian painted cave, famous for its sorcerer figures

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Le Tuc d'Audoubert, France

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Magdalenian ceremonial csite famous for its clay bison figures

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Niaux, France

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painted cave w/ magnificent bison figures, dating to c. 13,000 years ago

Front 19

shamans

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(from siberian tungus word saman), men and women who serve as intermediaries between the living and supernatural worlds and are thought to have magical powers, sometimes called spirit mediums

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Mezhirich, Ukraine

Back 20

late Ice Age forager camp w/ elaborate mammoth bone houses on the Dnieper River, dating to about 17,000 years ago

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microliths

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(from greek word for small stone) diminutive stone artifacts manufactured on tiny blades and used as barbs and points for spears and later arrows; characteristic of late Ice Age and early Holocene societies

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sinodonts

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Siberian and Native American populations with a distinct cluster of tooth features

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sundadonts

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Ancient Eurasian and European populations with shared tooth characteristics.

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Yana RHS, Siberia

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(rhinoceros horn site) 25,000 to 27,000 year old hunting site at latitude 70 degrees north, on the Yana River. indicates that humans were living in north Siberia before last Ice Age (which began after 24,000 BC)

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Diuktai Cave, Siberia

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site of a widespread late Ice Age culture in NE Siberia that may have been the ancestor of some early Native American groups; dates to as early as 18,000 years ago. earliest settlement after last Ice Age

Front 26

Verkhene-Trotiskaya

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earliest known Diuktai site in Siberia, dating to about 18,000 years ago

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Beringia

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Ice Age landmass consisting of NE Asia, Alaska, and what is now the Bering Sea, dry land during Ice Age

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Monte Verde

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streamside forager site in northern Chile dating to about 12,000 BC

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Meadowcroft Rock Shelter, PA

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long-occupied rock shelter, w/ possible evidence of human occupation as early as 12,000 BC

Front 30

Fort Rock Cave, Oregon

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a site where possible evidence of human occupation in N. America as early as 12,000 BC

Front 31

Cactus Hill, VA

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a stratified Paleo-Indian and Archaic site w/ possible human occupation as early as 13,000 to 14,600 BC

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Valsequillo, Mexico

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site where mastodon bones and artifacts date to about 12,000BC

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Taima Taima, Venezuela

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site w/ possible evidence of early human occupation in the 12,000 BC range

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Paleo-Indian

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generalized label given to earliest forager cultures in N. America from before 12,000 to 6,000 BC

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Hidden Mammoth, Alaska

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a hunting camp in central Alaska dating to about 9700 BC where hunters used simple bifacial spear points (Clovis)

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Mesa, Alaska

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forager campsite in the Brooks Range of northern Alaska, occupied about 9700 BC (simple bifacial spear points found - Clovis)

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atlatls

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throwing sticks used by early NAmerican hunters (ie spear throwers)