Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 1 Terms

Front 1

Ur (Ur-of-the-Chaldees), Iraq

Back 1

Biblical Calah, a major city of the Sumerian civilization in the 3rd millennium BC. Location of vast royal burial chamber + attendants.

Front 2

Khorsabad, Iraq

Back 2

Palace and capital of Assyrian King Sargon, dating to the 8th cent. BC. Unearthed in 1840s by early archaeologists.

Front 3

Ninevah, Iraq

Back 3

capital of Assyrian empire under King Ashurbanipal, c. 630 BC. Also dug up in 1840s.

Front 4

Copan, Guatemala

Back 4

major Maya center during mid-first millenium AD. unearthed in 1840s by Americans along with other Mayan sites.

Front 5

Palenque, Mexico

Back 5

Maya city and ceremonial center ruled by the Shield dynasty for many centuries and powerful in the 7th century AD. discovered in 1840s by Americans along with other Mayan sites.

Front 6

Uxmal, Mexico

Back 6

Maya city in northern Yucatan that flourished c. 900AD. discovered in 1840s by Americans.

Front 7

Nimrud, Iraq

Back 7

capital of Assyrian Kings Esarhaddon (680-669 BC) and Ashurbanipal (668-627 BC). unearthed by Layard.

Front 8

Abbeville, France

Back 8

town on the Somme River where river gravels yielded very early hand axes, over 400,000 years old. found on same level as bones of ancient species. opened up idea of prehistory beyond Biblical chronology to Royal Society of London.

Front 9

prehistory

Back 9

human history before advent of written records

Front 10

Olympia, Greece

Back 10

ancient site of Panhellenic Games from 776 BC, the ancestor of Olympic Games, a shrine to god Zeus from 1000 BC. dug up in 1870s, focus was on careful recording of site.

Front 11

Minoan civilization

Back 11

Bronze Age kingdom centered on Crete that reached its height between 1900 and 1400 BC. excavated by Arthur Evans.

Front 12

Carchemish, Syria

Back 12

important Hittite and Roman frontier city on the Euphrates River, 1500 BC to AD 200. excavated by Leonard Woolley.

Front 13

Wor Barrow, England

Back 13

Stone Age long barrow (long communal burial mound) on Cranborne Chase in southern England, c 2500BC, excavated with great care by General Lane Fox Pitt-Rivers.

Front 14

Gournia, Crete

Back 14

small town of the Minoan civilization, dating to c1700BC. excavated by Harriet Hawes, an early female archaeologist.

Front 15

archaeology

Back 15

the study of the human past using the surviving material remains of human behavior

Front 16

Abu Simbel, Egypt

Back 16

temple built overlooking the Nile by the pharaoh Rameses II to honor himself and the major deities of Egypt, c 1240BC. is an example of CRM because it had to be moved to higher ground when the area flooded with the building of the Aswan Dam.

Front 17

cultural resource management (CRM)

Back 17

conservation and management of archaeological sites and artifacts as a means of protecting the past.

Front 18

prehistorians

Back 18

individuals who study prehistory

Front 19

historical archaeologists

Back 19

individuals engaged in the study of the past by combining archaeology with historical records

Front 20

paleoanthropologists

Back 20

individuals engaged in the multidisciplinary study of behavior, culture, and the evolution of the earliest humans

Front 21

classical archaeologists

Back 21

individuals engaged in the study of Classical Greek and Roman civilizations

Front 22

underwater archaeology

Back 22

the study of archaeological sites under water using special excavation methods, although the objectives of the research are similar to those for sites on land

Front 23

history

Back 23

the study of the past using written records

Front 24

world prehistory

Back 24

the study of human prehistory from a global perspective

Front 25

radiocarbon (C14) dating

Back 25

radiometric dating method based on the decay rates of radiocarbon isotopes; highly effective for dating developments over the past 40,000 years

Front 26

Sipan, Peru

Back 26

major ceremonial center of the Moche people, celebrated for its spectacular royal burials and dating to about 400 AD.

Front 27

Grotte de Chauvet, France

Back 27

painted late Ice Age cave with remarkable depictions of lions, rhinos, and other animals, dating to as early as 31,000 BC

Front 28

Teotihuacan, Mexico

Back 28

major city in the Valley of Mexico that flourished from about 200 BC to 750 AD

Front 29

Giza, Egypt

Back 29

major pyramid site of Old Kingdom Egypt, dating to c2600 BC

Front 30

Sounion, Greece

Back 30

temple built to Sea God Poseidon built to the SE extremity of Attica, east of Athens, 5th cent BC.

Front 31

Tikal, Guatemala

Back 31

classical Maya city that reached the height of its power in AD 200 to 600

Front 32

Epidauros, Greece

Back 32

small Classical state, famous for its theater, dating to the 4th century BC and later

Front 33

Hadrian's Wall

Back 33

frontier wall and forts across northern England built by Roman emperor Hadrian to keep away Picts from the north in AD 122-130

Front 34

Moundville, Alabama

Back 34

major Mississippian town and ceremonial center after AD 900

Front 35

Olmec

Back 35

lowland Mesoamerican art style and series of cultures that formed one of the foundations of later civilizations in the region, c 1500-500BC

Front 36

Kish, Iraq

Back 36

early Sumerian city-state of about 2800 BC and later. where recorded history began after the great flood.

Front 37

Tenochtitlan, Mexico

Back 37

capital of the Aztec civilization from c 1325AD to 1521, estimated to have had a maximum population of about 250,000

Front 38

Mesoamerica

Back 38

the area of Central American highlands and lowlands where state-organized societies (civilizations) developed

Front 39

archaeological theory

Back 39

a body of theoretical concepts providing both a framework and a means for archaeologists to look beyond the facts and material objects for explanation of events that took place in prehistory

Front 40

Benin, Nigeria

Back 40

West African forest kingdom, with a capital of the same name, that flourished from at least the 14th cent. AD until recent times. where artifacts serve as important records of genealogy and were stored in the palace.

Front 41

oral traditions

Back 41

historical data transmitted from one generation to the next by word of mouth

Front 42

Inyan Ceyaka Atonwan, Minnesota

Back 42

settlement on the Minnesota River occupied by Eastern Dakota people in the early to mid 1800s. reconstructed by Janet Spector.