Facial Vessels And Cutaneous Nerves

Front 1

The face is richly supplied by _______, the ends of which anastomose freely.

Back 1

Vasculature

Front 2

The facial artery origin is the

Back 2

external carotid artery

Front 3

The facial artery usually runs ____ to the submandibular gland. It crosses mandible ______ to masseter m. and enters the face.

Back 3

Deep; anterior

Front 4

The facial artery follows a tortuous course toward ____ ____ of eye. It runs deeps to superficial facial muscles.

Back 4

medial canthus of eye

Front 5

Branches of the Facial Artery in the neck (do not reach the face)

Back 5

Ascending palatine a.
Tonsillar a.
Submandibular a.
Submental a.

Front 6

Branches of the Facial Artery in the face

Back 6

Inferior labial a
Superior labial a
Lateral nasal a
Angular a.

Front 7

Inferior Labial artery runs _____ in and supplies the ____ ____.

Back 7

Medially ; lower lip

Front 8

Superior labial artery runs ____ in and supplies the ________

Back 8

upper lip, nasal ala and septum

Front 9

Lateral nasal artery passes medially to the ____ of the nose to supply _____

Back 9

Ala; the skin on the ala and dorsum of the nose

Front 10

Angular artery is the terminal branch of the _____ _____ passing to the _____ ____ of the eye to supply

Back 10

facial artery; medial canthus; superior part of the cheek and the inferior eyelid

Front 11

Buccal branch of the maxillary artery connects near what muscle?

Back 11

Buccinator

Front 12

The transverse facial artery is a branch of the _____ _____ artery within the parotid gland. It crosses the face ____ to the masseter and _____ to the zygomatic arch; it supplies

Back 12

superficial temporal artery; superficial; inferior; supplies parotid gland and duct and tissues of the face

Front 13

Connections of the facial artery (5)

Back 13

Buccal branch of maxillary a.
Transverse facial a.
Infraorbital branch of maxillary a.
Dorsal nasal branch of ophthalmic a.
Mental branch of maxillary a.

Front 14

Mental branch of maxillary artery is the terminal branch of the ____ _____ artery. It emerges from the mental foramen to supply

Back 14

inferior alveolar a.; skin and tissues of the chin

Front 15

Other arteries of the face are

Back 15

Supraorbital branch of ophthalmic a.
Supratrochlear branch of ophthalmic a.
Superficial temporal a.

Front 16

The superficial temporal artery is a smaller terminal branch of the ____ ____ artery. It divides into frontal and ____ branches.

Back 16

external carotid artery; parietal

Front 17

What is the origin of the facial vein?

Back 17

Angular vein formed by the supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
Anastomoses between intracranial and extracranial veins

Front 18

The facial vein travels _____ to the facial artery. It is _____ than the facial artery and more _____ to the facial artery in submandibular triangle.

Back 18

Posterolateral; straighter; superficial

Front 19

Do the tributaries of the facial vein correspond to the facial artery? Does the facial vein have valves?

Back 19

Yes
NO VALVES

Front 20

What are the connections of the Facial Vein?

Back 20

ophthalmic veins and thus the cavernous sinus
pterygoid plexus

Front 21

What is the danger area of the face?

Back 21

roughly triangular area from upper lip to bridge of nose where the facial vein and its tributaries have direct connections to intracranial venous structures allowing for the possible spread of infection

Front 22

Cavernous sinus thrombosis can cause (5 things)

Back 22

a. Fever and disorientation (general infection)
b. loss of papillary reflex (CNIII)
c. diplopia (CNIII, IV, VI (extraocular muscles)
d. pain in orbit and forehead (CN V)
e. edema of eyes/orbit (blockage of venous blood flow)

Front 23

The pterygoid plexus is

Back 23

important during inferior alveolar n. block because it is vulnerable to penetration by needle (resulting in intravascular injection of anesthesia or hematoma formation

Front 24

The facial vein is joined by the anterior branch of the _____ vein and ends in ___ ___ vein (may be direct or indirect connection).

Back 24

retromandibular; internal jugular vein

Front 25

Other veins of the face

Back 25

Supraorbital vein
Supratrochlear vein
Deep facial vein
Superficial temporal vein

Front 26

The deep facial vein is near ___ ____ nerve; terminates by entering the ____ aspect of the facial vein; drains ____ _____

Back 26

(long) buccal; posterior; infratemporal fossa

Front 27

The superficial temporal vein is joined by the ____ vein to form the ______ vein; drains

Back 27

maxillary; retromandibular;
scalp, forehead and part of temple and face

Front 28

Parotid nodes receive lymph from:

Back 28

a. Forehead
b. Lateral scalp
c. Lateral eyelids
d. Preauricular nodes

Front 29

Submandibular nodes receive lymph from:

Back 29

a. Medial eyelids
b. Nose
c. Cheek
d. Upper lip
e. Lateral part of lower lip
f. Buccal nodes
g. Mandibular nodes

Front 30

Submental nodes receive lymph from:

Back 30

. Central part of lower lip
b. Central mandibular incisors
c. Tip of tongue
d. *Drain to submandibular or deep cervical nodes

Front 31

All lymph nodes of the face drain to

Back 31

deep cervical lymph nodes to jugular lymphatic trunk to thoracic duct

Front 32

Squamous cell carcinoma of the lip usually involves the ____. it can be caused by _____ or ____________. Cancer cells are from ___, ___, or ___ and drain to the ____/____ nodes.

Back 32

Lower lip; Can be caused by sun overexposure or chronic irritation from pipe smoking
Cancer cells are from lower lip, floor of mouth or apex of tongue
Submental/submandibular lymph nodes

Front 33

What are the Divisions of the Trigeminal Nerve?

Back 33

Ophthalmic division (V1) afferent
Maxillary Division (V2) afferent
Mandibular Division (V3) afferent

Front 34

Supraorbital n. is part of the _____ Division of the Trigeminal n and emerges through the _______

Back 34

Ophthalmic Division; supraorbital foramen/notch

Front 35

What does the supraorbital nerve innervate?

Back 35

Mucous membrane of frontal sinus; *skin and subcutaneous tissue of upper eyelid, and forehead and scalp as far back as the vertex

Front 36

What does the supratrochlear nerve innervate?

Back 36

*middle of forehead to hairline

Front 37

What does the infratrochlear n. innervate?

Back 37

medial part of upper eyelid, side of nose, lacrimal sac and bridge of nose

Front 38

What does the external nasal nerve innervate?

Back 38

tip of nose

Front 39

What does the lacrimal nerve innervate?

Back 39

skin over and conjunctiva deep to lateral upper eyelid

Front 40

Zygomaticotemporal nerve innervates passes through what foramen and innervates what?

Back 40

zygomaticotemporal foramen; anterior part of temple

Front 41

Zygomaticofacial nerve innervates passes through what foramen and innervates what?

Back 41

zygomaticofacial foramen; zygomatic prominence

Front 42

Where does the infraorbital nerve exit through and what does it innervate?

Back 42

Exits infraorbital foramen
(2) *upper cheek, inferior eyelid; mucosa of maxillary sinus, maxillary incisors, canines and premolar teeth and adjacent gingival; part of nose, upper lip

Front 43

The Auriculotemporal nerve passes through the ______

Back 43

parotid gland

Front 44

What does the Auriculotemporal nerve innervate?

Back 44

*part of auricle; external surface of tympanic membrance and skin/subcutaneous tissue superior to auricle

Front 45

Long buccal nerve emerges from where and what does it pierce?

Back 45

emerges from DEEP to mandibular ramus and pierces the buccinators

Front 46

What does the long buccal nerve innervate?

Back 46

cheek; mucosa lining cheek, posterior part of buccal surface of gingiva

Front 47

The mental nerve is a branch of the ____

Back 47

inferior alveolar nerve

Front 48

The mental nerve innervates

Back 48

chin, lower lip, inferior labial gingiva

Front 49

The trigeminal nerve is the primary ____ nerve of the head and it ______(does/does not) innervate muscles of facial expression.

Back 49

sensory; Does NOT

Front 50

What does the trigeminal nerve innervate?

Back 50

Innervates muscles of mastication - masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid

Front 51

What nerves are part of the Mandibular division of the Trigeminal Nerve?

Back 51

Auriculotemporal nerve
Long buccal nerve
Mental nerve

Front 52

What nerves are part of the Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve?

Back 52

Supraorbital nerve
Supratrochlear nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
External nasal nerve
Lacrimal nerve

Front 53

What nerves are part of the Maxillary division of the Trigeminal Nerve?

Back 53

Zygomaticotemporal nerve
Zygomaticofacial nerve
Infraorbital nerve

Front 54

The other cutaneous nerves of face and scalp are (5)

Back 54

1. Greater occipital n. (dorsal ramus C2)
2. Third occipital n. (dorsal ramus C3)
3. Lesser occipital n. (ventral rami C2-C3)
4. Great auricular n. (ventral rami C2-C3)
5. Transverse cervical n. (ventral ramus C2)
(the last three nerves in the above list are derived from cervical plexus)

Front 55

What is herpes zoster?

Back 55

a. lesion in spinal or cranial ganglia
b. eruption of vesicles following the course of the affected nerve

Front 56

What percentage of Herpes Zoster cases involve trigeminal ganglion? What division is most commonly affected?

Back 56

20% of cases involve trigeminal ganglion; ophthalmic division is most commonly affected

Front 57

Herpes Zoster can lead to

Back 57

-can lead to ulceration of cornea
-subsequent scarring can lead to blindness

Front 58

Where can herpes labialis occur?

Back 58

recurrence can occur anywhere along the course of the affected nerve; historically important in dental practice

Front 59

What is herpes whitlow?

Back 59

an infection of the fingers acquired by dentists, nurses and other health practioners as a result of contamination of the hands by virus-laced saliva or other secretions

Front 60

What is Trigeminal Neuralgia and what nerve is most commonly involved?

Back 60

sudden attacks of excruciating facial pain
maxillary nerve most commonly involved

common in middle aged to elderly patients
often initiated by touch
cause unknown

Front 61

What does SCALP stand for? WHich layers make up the scalp proper?

Back 61

Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurotic Layer (galea aponeurotica)
Loose Connective Tissue
Pericranium

First three layers

Front 62

What is the connective tissue layer of the scalp made up of?

Back 62

Dense connective tissue, contains neurovascular components

Front 63

Which layer of the scalp is a strong, tendinous sheet covering calvaria between occipitalis m., superior auricular m. and frontalis m.?

Back 63

Aponeurotic layer

Front 64

Which layer of the scalp allows movement of the scalp proper over the skull and is where infections may spread?

Back 64

Loose CT

Front 65

Which layer of the scalp makes up the periosteum of the external side of the calvaria and has limited osteogenic capacity?

Back 65

Pericranium

Front 66

The supraorbital and supratrochlear arteries are branches of the _______.

Back 66

internal carotid artery.

Front 67

The superficial temporal, posterior auricular, and occipital arteries are branches of the ________

Back 67

external carotid artery

Front 68

From anterior to posterior, the nerves of the scalp include_________.

Back 68

all divisions of the trigeminal nerve, ventral rami (C2-C3), dorsal ramus of C2, and dorsal ramus of C3.

Front 69

Superficial wounds—

Back 69

no gaping; epicranial aponeurosis may help hold margins together

Front 70

Deep wounds

Back 70

gape widely especially if lacerated in the coronal plane because frontalis and occipitalis will pull in opposite directions

Front 71

Scalp infections

Back 71

1. loose connective tissue layer is the danger area of the scalp
2. infections can pass to cranial cavity via emissary veins
3. limited by the epicranial aponeurosis