Fa Renal Pharm

Front 1

Mannitol

Back 1

MOA: osmotic diuretic, incr tubular fluid osmolarity -> incr urine flow
Uses: shock, drug overdose, incr intracranial/intraocular pressure
Toxicity: pulmonary edema, dehydration; C/I in anuria, CHF

Front 2

Acetazolamide

Back 2

MOA: CA inhibitor; causes self-limited NaHCO3 diuresis and reduction in total-body HCO3 stores
Uses: glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness
Toxicity: hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, neuropathy, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy

Front 3

Furosemide

Back 3

MOA: sulfonamide loop diuretic; inhibits cotransport system of thick ascending limb of loop of Henle; abolishes hypertonicity of medulla, preventing concentration of urine; incr Ca excretion (Loops Lose Calcium)
Uses: edematous states (CHF, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome, pulmonary edema), HTN, hypercalcemia
Toxicity: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa), nephritis (interstitial), gout

Front 4

Ethacrynic acid

Back 4

MOA: phenoxyacetic acid derivative that's NOT A SULFONAMIDE; essentially same MOA as furosemide
Uses: diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs
Toxicity: similar to furosemide; can be used in hyperuricemia, acute gout

Front 5

Hydrochlorothiazide

Back 5

MOA: thiazide diuretic; inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early distal tubule, reducing diluting capacity of the nephron; decr Ca excretion
Uses: HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic DI
Toxicity: hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperGLUC (glycemia, lipidemia, uricemia, calcemia)

Front 6

K-sparing diuretics

Back 6

Examples: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride
MOA: spironolactone is a competitive aldosterone receptor antagonist in the cortical collecting tubule; triamterene & amiloride act at the same part of the tubule by blocking Na channels in the CCT
Uses: hyperaldosteronism, K depletion, CHF
Toxicity: hyperkalemia (can lead to arrhythmias); spironolactone causes gynecomastia, antiandrogen effects

Front 7

ACE Inhibitors

Back 7

Examples: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril
MOA: inhibit ACE, reducing levels of A-II and preventing inactivation of bradykinin (a potent vasodilator); renin incr due to loss of feedback inhibition
Uses: HTN, CHF, diabetic renal dz
Toxicity: Cough, Angioedema, Proteinuria, Taste changes, hypOtension, Pregnancy problems (fetal renal damage), Rash, Increased renin, Lower A-II (CAPTOPRIL)