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216 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly
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Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)
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Achilles tendon xanthoma
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Familial hypercholesterolemia (.l. LDL receptor signaling)
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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC
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Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)
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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aort· c dissection, hyperflexible joints
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin defect)
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Athlete with polycythemia .
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Erythropoietin injection
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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss
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Pott's disease (vertebral tuberculosis)
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis
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Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
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Blue sclera
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Osteogenesis imperfecta (collagen defect)
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Bluish line on gingiva
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Burton's line (lead poisoning)
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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis
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Paget's disease of bone (1' osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity)
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Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing
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Aortic regurgitation
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Butterfly facial rash and Raynaud's phenomenon in a young female
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Systemic lupus erythematosus
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Cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma)
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Neurofibromatosis type I (+ pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas) Neurofibromatosis type II (+ bilateral acoustic neuromas)
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Cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty
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McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
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Calf pseudohypertrophy
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Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne's) : X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene
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Cherry-red spot on macula
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Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
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Chest pain on exertion
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Angina (stable: moderate exertion; unstable: minimal exertion)
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Chest pain, pericardia! effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI
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Dressler's syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12 weeks after acute episode)
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Child uses arms to stand up from squat
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Cowers' sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
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Child with fever develops red rash on face that spreads to body
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Slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration
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Huntington's disease (autosomal-dominant CAG repeat expansion)
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Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria
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McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
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Cold intolerance
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Hypothyroidism
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Conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia
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Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral [multiple sclerosis], unilateral [stroke))
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Continuous "machinery" heart murmur
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PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition
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Myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves' disease I periorbital!)
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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules
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Kaposi's sarcoma (usually AIDS patients [gay men]: associated with HHV-8)
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Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation
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Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea
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Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
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Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, polyneuropathy
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Wet beriberi (thiamine (vitamin B1] deficiency)
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Dog or cat bite resulting in infection
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Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
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Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
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Sjogren's syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
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Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anem1a
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Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
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Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)
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Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node
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Virchow's node (abdominal metastasis)
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Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells
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Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or mycosis fungoides
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Facial muscle spasm upon tapping
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Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)
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Fat, female, forty, and fertile
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Acute cholelithiasis (bile duct blockage)
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Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)
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Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash
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Measles (Morbillivirus)
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Fever, night sweats, weight loss
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B symptoms (lymphoma)
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Fibrous plagues in soft tissue of penis
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Peyronie's disease (connective tissue disorder)
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Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilating behavior in a boy
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)
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Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea
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Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson's disease)
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Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/ feet/hands
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Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (genetic benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction; i cancer risk)
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Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms
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Gaucher's disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)
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Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts
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Alport syndrome (mutation in a chain of collagen IV)
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
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Trousseau's sign (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility
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KlLiver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)
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Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, positive Babinski sign
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UMN damage
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Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
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Conn's syndrome
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Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy
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LMN damage
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Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia
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Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)
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Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion
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Nonpainful: chancre (lo syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)
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Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)
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Infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (debranching enzyme deficiency)
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Infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, and structural heart defect
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Edwards' syndrome (trisomy 18)
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Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Large rash with bull's-eye appearance
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Erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
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Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammgloblinemia)
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Mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of Gpllb/Illa)
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Multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/ supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
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Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal a-1,4-glucosidase deficiency)
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndromes (anti-basement membrane antibodies)
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6) brachial plexus injury: "waiter's tip")
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
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Multiple sclerosis
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHF or I intracranial pressure)
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis)
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Painful, pale, cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome (vasospasm in extremities)
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Painful, raised red lesions on palms and soles
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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Painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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Painless jaundice
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Cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
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Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors
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MEN 1 (autosomal dominant)
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Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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Pink puffer (emphysema: centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency])
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Polyuria, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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Positive anterior "drawer sign"
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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Pupil accommodates but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/ upper respiratory infection)
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (autoimmune acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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Rash on palms and soles
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Coxsackie A, secondary syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
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Recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job's syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/areola
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
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Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers
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Roth's spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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Severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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Short stature, Inc incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA crosslink repair; often progresses to AML)
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down syndrome)
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's disease (primary adrenocortical insufficiency causes Inc ACTH and alpha-MSH production)
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's)
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers
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Koplik spots (measles; rubeola virus)
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Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata (2° syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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Bacterial endocarditis
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Strawberry tongue
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Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth
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Turner syndrome (45XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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Gout/podagra (hyperuricemia)
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Swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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Swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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Osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo)
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Aortic valve stenosis
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Thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma
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MEN 2A (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis
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MEN 2B (autosomal dominant ret mutation)
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski sign (UMN lesion)
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Unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
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Vascular birthmark (port-wine stain)
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Hemangioma (benign, but associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome)
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Vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients)
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Waxy casts with very low urine flow
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Chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippelii)
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Worst headache of my life
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, phenytoin, procainamide)
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Anti-lgG antibodies
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Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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Primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegener's; p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type Ill hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
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Anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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Apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray
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Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)
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Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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Auer rods (acute myelogenous leukemia, especially the promyelocytic [M3] type)
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Bacitracin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
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Bamboo spine on x-ray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Boot-shaped heart on x-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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Brown tumor of bone
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Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts. Due to: 1. Hyperparathyroidism 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas' disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Chocolate cyst of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (AR mutation to CFTR resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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Decreased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Cali-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor ofthe ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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Owl's-eye appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
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Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma ofthe thyroid)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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Hair-on-end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray
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P-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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Heart nodules (granulomatous)
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Aschoffbodies (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D-dimers
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DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
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Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
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Ghon complex (primary TB : Mycobacterium bacilli)
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Honeycomb lung on x-ray
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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Increased a-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)
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Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: Inc chance of mesothelioma)
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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Lead pipe appearance of colon on x-ray
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Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
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Linear appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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Lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
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Lytic ("hole-punched") bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland ("blue-domed") cyst
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Fibrocystic change ofthe breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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1. Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA) 2. Monoclonalgammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS; normal consequence of aging) 3. Waldenstrom's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia 4. Primaryamyloidosis
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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Bence Jones proteins (multiple myeloma [kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine]), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (lgM)
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Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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Signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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String sign (Crohn's disease)
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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Novobiocin response
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Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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Nutmeg appearance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver clue to right heart failure
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Onion-skin periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Optochin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: Viridans streptococcus
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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Rib notching
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS
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Toxoplasma gondii
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells ("starry sky" appearance on histology)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8:14) c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
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Soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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Spikes on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
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Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stacks of red blood cells
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Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
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Stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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Clue cells (Gardnerella vaginalis)
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Tennis-racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
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Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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Tram-track appearance on LM
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBCs that look "smudged"
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CLL (almost always B cell; affects the elderly)
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Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia (previous subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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