Fa Rapid Review - Classic Labs/findings

Front 1

anti- centromere AB's

Back 1

LIMITED scleroderma (CREST)

Front 2

anti-desmoglein AB's

Back 2

Pemphigus vulgaris

Front 3

anti-GBM AB's

Back 3

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Front 4

anti-histone AB's

Back 4

Drug induced lupus

(hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

Front 5

anti-IgG AB's =

Back 5

Rheumatoid Factor

- but anti-CCP

Front 6

anti-mit. AB's

Back 6

primary biliary cirrhosis

(female, cholestasis, portal HTN)

Front 7

antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)

Back 7

Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA);

granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

Front 8

anti-nuclear AB's

(anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)

Back 8

SLE

(Type III HSR)

Front 9

anti-plat AB's

Back 9

ITP

(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura)

Front 10

anti-topo AB's

Back 10

DIFFUSE systemic scleroderma

Front 11

anti-transglutaminase,

anti-endomysial AB's

Back 11

Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)

+ anti-gliadin

Front 12

"apple core" lesion on abdominal CT

Back 12

CRC (usually left sided)

Front 13

Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts

Back 13

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic (M3) type)

Front 14

Bacitracin response

Back 14

Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A);

Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Front 15

"Bamboo spine" on xray

Back 15

Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Front 16

(basophilic) nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 16

Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

Front 17

Basophilic strippling of RBCs

Back 17

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Front 18

Bloody tap on LP

Back 18

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 19

"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray ~~

Back 19

RVH

Front 20

branching gram-positive rod with sulfur granules

Back 20

Actinomyces israelii

Front 21

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging

Back 21

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

Front 22

"Brown" tumor of bone

Back 22

hyperPTH / osteitis fibrosa cystica

(deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

Front 23

Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy

Back 23

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Front 24

Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule

Back 24

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Front 25

"Chocolate cyst" of ovary

Back 25

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Front 26

Circular grouping of dark tumor surrounding pale neurofibrils

Back 26

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)

Front 27

Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs

Back 27

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plug)

Front 28

Decrease AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum

Back 28

Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities

Front 29

Degeneration of dorsal column nerves ~~

(3)

Back 29

1. Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)

2. subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)
(B12, Vit E. deficiency)

3. Friedrich's ataxia

Front 30

Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra

Back 30

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Front 31

Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum

Back 31

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)

Front 32

Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid

Back 32

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Front 33

Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia

Back 33

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

Front 34

Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies

Back 34

"owl eye" appearance of CMV

Front 35

enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei

Back 35

"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei =

(Papillary CA of the thyroid)

Front 36

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell

Back 36

Mallory body ~~alcoholic liver disease

Front 37

Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell

Back 37

Lewy body (Parkinson disease)

Front 38

eosinophilic globule in liver

Back 38

Councilman body ~~toxic or viral hepatitis

Front 39

eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve

Back 39

Negri bodies =(rabies)

Front 40

Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain

Back 40

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

Front 41

Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")

Back 41

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

Front 42

glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell

Back 42

Schiller-Duval bodies = (yolk sac tumor)

Front 43

"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray:

(2)

Back 43

1. B-thalassemia

2. Sickle Cell Anemia

(marrow expansion)

Front 44

hCG elevated

(4)

Back 44

1. choriocarcinoma

2. hydatidiform mole

3. ectopic

4. preg.

Front 45

granulomatous heart nodules

Back 45

Aschoff bodies = rheumatic fever

Front 46

heterophile AB's ~~

Back 46

infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Front 47

hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions in asthma

Back 47

Charcot-Leyden crystals = (eosinophilic granules)

Front 48

high levels of D-dimers seen in:

(3)

Back 48

DVT,

PE,

DIC

Front 49

hilar Lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomas - can calcify

Back 49

Ghon complex = (primary TB)

Front 50

"Honeycomb lung" on xray or CT ~~

Back 50

interstitial pulmonary fibrosis

Front 51

hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)

Back 51

Trousseau syndrome = (adenocCA of pancreas or lung)

Front 52

Hypersegmented N's ~~

Back 52

Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)

Front 53

Conn syndrome (Aldo-producing adenoma) =>

(3)

Back 53

HTN, hypoK+, met. ALK.

Front 54

Hypochromic, microcytic anemia

Back 54

Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

Front 55

Increased aFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum seen in:

(2)

Back 55

1. Dating error

2. NTD's
(anencephaly, spina bifidas)

Front 56

Increased uric acid levels

Back 56

Gout, Lesch-Nyham syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome,

thiazide AND Loop diuretics

Front 57

intranuclear eosinophilic drop like bodies

Back 57

Cowdry type A bodies ~~ HSV or CMV

Front 58

- iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum -

Back 58

Ferruginous bodies = asbestosis

Front 59

Keratin pearls on skin biopsy

Back 59

Squamous cell carcinoma

Front 60

large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency

Back 60

Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) shows:

Front 61

"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray ~~

Back 61

UC (loss of haustra)

Front 62

Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane

Back 62

Goodpasture syndrome

Front 63

Low serum ceruloplasmin

Back 63

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

Front 64

"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence

Back 64

PSGN

(immune complex deposition of IgG and C3)

Front 65

Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray

Back 65

Multiple myeloma adult

neuroblastoma infant

ewing sarcoma teenager

Front 66

mammary gland cyst ("blue domed") ~~

Back 66

fibrocystic change of the breast

Front 67

monoclonal antibody spike seen in:

(4)

Back 67

* MM
(usu IgG or IgA)

* MGUS
(consequence of aging)

* Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
(IgM)

* Primary amyloidosis

Front 68

Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus

Back 68

"Signet ring" (gastric CA)

Front 69

narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray =

Back 69

"String sign" = Crohn's

Front 70

Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis

Back 70

Wegener's,

and Goodpasture syndrome

Front 71

Needle-shaped, NEGATIVELY birefringent crystals

Back 71

Gout (MSU crystals)

Front 72

Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli ~~

Back 72

KW nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Front 73

Novobiocin response

Back 73

Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis;

Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Front 74

"Nutmeg" appearance of liver

Back 74

chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

Front 75

"Onion skin" periosteal reaction

Back 75

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

Front 76

Optochin response

Back 76

Sensitive: streptococcus pneumoniae;

Resistant: viridans streptococci

Front 77

Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area ~~

(3)

Back 77

Codman triangle on x-ray

(osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, ostomyelitis)

Front 78

Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy

Back 78

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

Front 79

Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion

Back 79

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

or DMD

Front 80

Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein

Back 80

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

Front 81

Psammoma bodies

Back 81

Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary

Front 82

Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy

Back 82

GBM

Front 83

RBC casts in urine ~~

Back 83

acute glomerulonephritis

Front 84

rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in tumor

Back 84

Reinke crystals = leydig cell tumor (sex cord stromal tumor)

Front 85

renal epithelial casts in urine

Back 85

Acute toxic/viral renal injury

Front 86

Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent

Back 86

Pseudogout (CPP crystals)

Front 87

Rib notching seen in:

Back 87

Coarctation of the aorta

(= collateral circulation)

Front 88

Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS:

(2)

Back 88

Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma

Front 89

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)

Back 89

Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)

Front 90

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Back 90

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

Front 91

"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray

Back 91

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

Front 92

"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits

Back 92

Membranous glomerulonephritis

(may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

Front 93

Rouleux formation seen in:

(2)

Back 93

high ESR,

MM

Front 94

stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Back 94

"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Front 95

"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells

Back 95

Birbeck granules = langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma

Front 96

Thrombi made of white/red layers =

Back 96

Lines of Zahn

(arterial thrombus, layers of platelts/RBCs)

Front 97

"thumb sign" on lateral x-ray ~~

Back 97

Epiglottitis (H. influ.)

Front 98

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney ~~

Back 98

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 99

"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy

Back 99

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

esp. tyoe I

Front 100

TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles ~~

Back 100

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Front 101

"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow ~~

Back 101

Chronic end-stage renal disease

Front 102

WBC casts in urine

Back 102

Acute pyelonephritis

Front 103

"smudge cells" (WBCs) ~

Back 103

CLL (almost always B cell)

Front 104

"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy

Back 104

Lupus nephropathy

Front 105

yellowish CSF = Xanthochromia; seen in:

Back 105

SAH