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287 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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infant w/ failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration
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Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingoyelinase deficiency)
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Infant w/ hypoglycemia, failure to thrive and hepatomegaly
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Cori's disease (Debranching enzyme defiency)
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infant w/ microcephaly, rocker bottom feet, clenched hands and structural heart defect
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Edward's syndrome (trisomy 18)
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jaundice, RUQ, fever
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Charcot's triad 2 (ascending cholangitis)
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keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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SCC
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large rash w/ bull's eye appearance
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erythema chronicum migran from Ixode tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia)
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Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury
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Epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture)
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male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells
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Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)
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mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia (deficit in platelet aggreagation due to lack of GbIIb/IIIa)
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multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth
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Gardner's syndrome (subtype of FAP)
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's (c-ANCA positive) and Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane abs)
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Neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth
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Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk (C5-C6) brachial plexus injury "waiter's tip")
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No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance
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Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
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Nystagmus, intention tremor,scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophtalmoplegia
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Multiple Sclerosis
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Oscillating slow/fast breathing
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Cheyne-Stokes respiration (central apnea in CHF or inc. intracranial pressure)
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Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia
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Cold agglutining disease (AI hemolytic anemia caused by M.pneumoniae, infectious mono)
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Painful, pale cold fingers/toes
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Raynaud's syndrome (Vasospasm in extremities)
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painful, red lesions on palms and soles
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Osler's node (infective endocarditis)
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painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles
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Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis)
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painless jaundice
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cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing bile duct
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palpable purpure, joint pain, abdominal pain (child)
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Henoch-Shonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)
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pancreatic, pituitary. parathyroid tumors
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Wermer's syndrome (MEN 1)
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pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation
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Pink puffer (emphysema; centroacinar [smoking], panacinar (a-1 antitrypsin def)
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polyuric, acidosis, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances
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Fanconi's syndrome (proximal tubular reabsorption defect)
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positive anterior "drawer sign"
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Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
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Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis
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Horner's syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion)
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pupil accommodate but doesn't react
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Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis)
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rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends (following GI/upper resp infection)
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Guillain-Barre syndrome (AI acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy)
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rash on palms and soles
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2ndary syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever
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recurrent cold, unusual eczema, high serum IgE
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Job's syndrome (hyper IgE syndrome: neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality)
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red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic pts
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klebsiella pneumoniae
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red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/aerola
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Paget's disease of the breast (represents underlying neoplasm)
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red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs
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paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglubinuria
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renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma
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von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation)
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resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability
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Parkinson's disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion)
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restrictive cardiomyopathy (juvenile form: cardiomegaly), exercise intolerance
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Pompe's disease (lysosomal glucosidase def)
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retinal hemorrhages w/ pale center
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Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)
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severe jaundice in neonate
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)
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severe RLQ pain w/ rebound tenderness
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McBurney's sign (appendicitis)
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short stature, inc. incidence of tumors/leukemia aplastic anemia
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Fanconi's anemia (genetically inherited, often progresses to AML)
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Single palm crease
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Simian crease (Down syndrome)
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Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis
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Kartagener's syndrome (dynein defect affecting cilia)
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Skin hyperpigmentation
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Addison's (1 adrenocortical insufficiency of AI or infectious etiology)
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Slow, progressive muscle weakness in boys
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Becker's muscular dystrophy (X-linked, defective dystrophin, less severe than Duchenne's)
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Small, irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white center
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Koplik spots (measles)
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Smooth, flat, moist white lesions on genitals
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Condylomata lata (2 syphilis)
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Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails
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bacterial endocarditis
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strawberry tongue (3)
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scarlet fever, kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome
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streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney
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Turner syndrome (XO, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema)
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sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi
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gout/podagra (hyperuricemia
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swollen gums, mucous bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin
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scurvy (vitamin C deficiency: can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis)
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swollen, hard, painful finger joints
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osteoarthritis (osteophytes on PIP [Bouchard's nodes], DIP [Heberden's nodes])
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Systolic ejection murmur (cresendo-decrescendo)
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aortic stenosis
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thyroid, parathyroid tumors and pheochromocytoma
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Sipple's syndrome (MEN 2A)
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Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape
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Babinski's sign UMN lesion
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unilateral facial drooping involving forehead
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Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)
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urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in a male
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Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis assoc/ w/ HLA-B27)
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vascular birthmark (port wine stain)
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hemangioma (benign, but assoc/ w/ Sturge-Weber syndrome
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vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis
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Shwartzman reaction (following second exposure to endotoxin)
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vomiting blood following esophagogastric lacerations
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic pts)
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waxy casts with very low urine flow
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chronic end stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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acute pyelonephritis
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weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy
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Whipple's disease (Tropheryma whippeli)
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worst headache of my life
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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anticentromere antibodies
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scleroderma (CREST)
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antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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antihistone antibodies
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drug induced SLE (hydralazine, isoniazid, procainamide, phenytoin)
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anti-IgG antibodies
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rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
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anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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1 billiary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Vasculitis (c-ANCA: Wegeners, p-ANCA: microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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antiplatelet antibodies
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idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) (bleeding diathesis)
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anti-topoisomerase antibodies
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diffuse systemic scleroderma
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anti-transglutaminase/antigliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, weight loss)
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azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts
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auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic type)
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"bamboo spine" on x-ray
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ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis HLA-B27)
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basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs
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lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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bloody tap on LP
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subarachnoid hemorrhage
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boot shape heart on x-ray
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tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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branching gram (+) rods w/ sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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bronchogenic apical lung tumor
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Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner's syndrome)
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Brown tumor of bone
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hemorrhage (hemosiderin) causes brown color of osteolytic cysts, due to hyperparathyroidism, osteitis fibrosa cystica
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cardiomegaly w/ apical atrophy
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Chagas disease (trypanosoma cruzi)
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cellular crescents in bowman's capsule
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rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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chocolate cyst of ovary
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endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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circular group of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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colonies of mucoid pseudmonas in lungs
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cystic fibrosis (CFTR mutation in Caucasians resulting in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (3 syphilis)
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depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann's spirals (bronchial asthma: can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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dysplastic squamous cervical cells w/ nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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enlarged cells w/ intranuclear inclusion bodies
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owl's eye appearance of CMV
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enlarged thyroid cells w/ ground glass nuclei
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Orphan Annie eye nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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mallory bodies (alcoholic liver disease)
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eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in never cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson's disease)
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eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal nerve cells
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Rabies virus (Lyssavirus)
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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senile plaques (alzheimer's disease)
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Giant B cells w/ bilobed nuclei w/ prominent inclusion (owl's eye)
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin's lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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'Hair on end" (crew cut) appearance on x-ray
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B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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hCG elevated
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choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs w/ and w/out embryo)
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heart nodules (inflammatory)
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Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever)
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heterophile antibodies
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infectious mono (EBV)
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Hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystal in bronchial secretions
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bronchial asthma, Charcot-Leyden crystals (eosinophilic granules)
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high levels of D-dimers
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DVT, pulmonary embolism, DIC
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Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
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Ghon focus (1 TB, Mycobacterium bacilli)
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" Honeycomb lung" on x-ray
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interstitial fibrosis
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hypersegmented neutrophils
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megaloblastic anemia (B12 folate deficiency)
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hypochronic, microcytc anemia
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iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (HbF sometimes present)
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increased alpha fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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increased uric acid levels
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gout, lesch-nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thizaide diuretics
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intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies
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cowdry type A bodies (HSV, or yellow fever)
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iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: inc. chance of mesothelioma)
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large lysosomal vesicle in phagocytes immunodeficiency
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatilenticular degeneration)
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lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
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large lysosomal vesicle in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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lytic bone lesions on x-ray "hole-punched"
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multple myeloma
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mammary gland cyst "blue domed cyst"
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fibrocystic change of the breast
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monoclonal antibody spike
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1. multple myeloma (called the M protein: usually IgG or IgA)
2. monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, normal consequence of aging(MGUS) 3. Waldenstroms (M protein= IgM), macroglobulinemia 4. Primary amyloidosis |
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Monoclonal globulin protein in blood/urine
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Bence Jones proteins (multple myeloma, kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Mucin-filled cell w/ peripheral nucleus
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signet ring (gastric carcinoma)
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narrowing of bowel lumen on barium radiograph
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"String sign" Crohn's
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout (hyperuricemia)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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nutmeg appearance of liver
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chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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Onion skin periosteal reaction
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Ewing's sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codman's triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion on EM
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minimal change disease (child w/ nephrotic syndrome)
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polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in body sclerosis)
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proteins aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of protein tau
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neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer's disease and CJD)
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pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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acute glomerulonephritis
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rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells
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Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)
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renal epithelial casts in urine
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acute toxic/viral nephrosis
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rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate)
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rib notching
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coarctation of aorta
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sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells "starry sky" appearance on histology
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Burkitt's lymphoma (t[8-14] C-MYC activation, associated w/ EBV)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick's disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's)
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"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
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giant ell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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spikes on basement membrane, dome like endothelial deposits
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membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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stacks of red blood cells
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rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
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stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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Clue cells, Gardnerella vaginalis
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tennis-racket shaped cytoplasmic organelles in langerhans cells
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birbeck granules (histiocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)
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thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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thumb sign on lateral x-ray
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epiglottitis (H.influenzae)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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tram-track appearance on LM
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membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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WBCs that look smudged
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CLL (almost always B ells: affects the elderly)
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Wire loop glomerular appearance on LM
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellow CSF
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Xanthochromia (subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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actinic (solar) keratosis
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precursor to SCC
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acute gastric ulcer associated w/ CNS injury
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Cushing's ulcer (inc. ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion)
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Acute gastric ulcer associated w/ severe burns
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Curling's ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)
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alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon
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skip lesions (Crohn's disease)
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Aneurysm, dissecting
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hypertension
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aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta
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atherosclerosis
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aortic aneurysm, ascending
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3 syphilis, Marfan's syndrome
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Atrophy of mammillary bodies
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Wernicke's encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophtalmoplegia, and confusion)
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Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)
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sickle cell anemia (Hbs)
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Bacteria associated with stomach cancer
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H pylori
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Bacterial meningitis in adults and elderly
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Neisseria meningitidis
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Bacterial meningitis in newborns and kids
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newborns: Group B strep
kids: S.pneumoniae/N.meningitidis |
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Benign melanocytic nevus
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Spitz nevus (most common in first two decades)
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Bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency
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Bernard-Soulier disease (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)
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brain tumor (adults)
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supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma mutltiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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brain (kids)
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infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial craniopharyngioma (cerebrum
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Breast cancer
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infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the US, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
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Breast mass
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1. Fibrocystic change
2. carcinoma (in postmenopausal women) |
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breast tumor (benign)
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fibroadenoma
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cardiac primary tumor (kids)
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rhabdomyoma
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Cardiac manifestation of lupus
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Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting mitral)
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Cardiac tumor (adults)
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1. Metastasis
2. primary myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, ball and valve) |
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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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chiari malformation (often presents w/ progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia)
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chronic arrhythmia
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atrial fibrillation (associated w/ high risk of emboli)
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chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)
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predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)
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clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina
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DES exposure in utero
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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Congenital cardiac anomaly
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VSD
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)
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constrictive pericarditis in developing world
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tuberculosis
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Coronary artery involved in thrombosis
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LAD > RCA > lca
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Cretinism
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iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
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Cushing's syndrome
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1. corticosteroid therapy
2. excess ACTH secretion by pituitary |
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Cyanosis (early, less common)
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tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
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cyanosis (late, more common)
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VSD, ASD, PDA
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death in CML
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blast crisis
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death in SLE
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lupus nephropathy
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dementia
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1. alzheimer's disease
2. multiple infarcts |
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demyelinating disease in young women
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multiple sclerosis
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DIC
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gram negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
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dietary deficit
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iron
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diverticulum in pharynx
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zenker's diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)
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ejection click
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aortic/pulmonic stenosis
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esophageal cancer
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SCC (worldwide), adenocarcinoma (US)
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Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)
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S.aureus, B.cereus
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glomerulonephritis (adults)
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Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)
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gynecologic malignancy
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endometrial carcinoma (most common)
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heart murmur, congenital
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mitral valve prolapse
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heart valve in bacterial endocarditis
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mitral (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse), aortic (2nd affected in rheumatic fever)
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helminth infection (US)
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1. Enterobius vermicularis
2. Ascaris lumbricoides |
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Hematoma - epidural
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rupture of middle meningeal artery (crescent shaped)
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hematoma - subdural
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rupture of bridging veins (trauma- lentiform shaped)
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hemochromatosis
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multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes", and inc. risk of hepatocellular carcinoma
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hepatocellular carcinoma
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cirrhotic liver (often assoc. w/ hep B + C
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hereditary bleeding disorder
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Von Willebrand's disease
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hereditary harmless jaundice
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gilbert's syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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HLA-B27
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ankylosing spondylitis, Reiter's syndrome, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis
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HLA-DR3 or DR4
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DM1, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE
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Holosystolic murmur
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VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
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hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis
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virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis)
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hypertension, 2ndary
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renal disease
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hypoparathyroidism
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thyroidectomy
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hypopituitarism
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pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)
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infection secondary to blood transfusion
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hepatitis c
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kidney stones
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1. calcium: radioopaque
2. struvite (ammonium): radioopaque (formed by urease-positive organisms such as P.vulgaris or Staphylococcus) 3. uric acid = radiolucent |
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late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L --> R becomes R --> L)
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Eisenmenger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycthemia)
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liver disease
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alcoholic cirrhosis
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lysosomal storage disease
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Gaucher's disease
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male cancer
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prostatic carcinoma
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malignancy assoc. w/ noninfectious fever
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Hodgkin's lymphoma
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malignant skin tumor
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basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
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mental retardation
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1.Down syndrome
2. Fragile X syndrome |
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metastases to bone
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breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
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metastases to brain
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lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
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metastases to liver
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colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast
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mitral valve stenosis
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rheumatic heart disease
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mixed UMN and LMN motor neuron disease
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ALS
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Myocarditis
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Coxsackie B
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Neoplasn (kids
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1. ALL
2. Cerebellar medulloblastoma |
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Nephrotic syndrome (adults)
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membranous glomerulonephritis
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nephrotic syndrome (kids)
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minimal change disease (assoc. w/ infections/vaccinations; treat w/ corticosteroids
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nosocomial pneumonia
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Klebsiella, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Obstruction of male urinary tract
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BPH
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opening snap
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mitral stenosis
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Opportunistic infection in AIDS
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Pneumocystitis jiroveci (formerly carinii) pneumonia
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Osteomyelitis
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S.aureus
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Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease pts
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Salmonella
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Osteomyelitis w/ IV drug use
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Pseudomonas, S.aureus
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Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinona or breast cancer
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Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells)
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ovarian tumor (benign)
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serous cystadenoma
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ovarian tumor (malignant)
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serous cystadenocarcinoma
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pancreatitis (acute)
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gallstones, alcohol
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pancreatitis (chronic)
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alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
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patient w/ ALL/CLL/AML/CML, most common ages
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ALL: child
CLL: adult > 60 AML: adult > 60 CML: adult 35-50 |
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Pelvic inflammatory disease
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N.gonorrheae (monoarticular arthritis)
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Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)
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CML (may sometimes be associated w/ ALL/AML)
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pituitary tumor
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1. prolactinoma
2. somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma |
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primary amenorrhea
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Turner syndrome (XO)
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Pirmary bone tumor (adults)
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multiple myeloma
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primary hyperaldosteronism
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adenoma of adrenal cortex
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primary hyperparathyroidism
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1. adenomas
2. hyperplasia 3. carcinoma |
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primary liver cancer
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HCC (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha-1 antitrypsin)
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pulmonary hypertension
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COPD
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Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities
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Buerger's disease (strongly associated w/ tobacco)
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renal tumor
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renal cell carcinoma (assoc. w/ VHL and adult polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
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Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause
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cor pulmonale
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S3 (protodiastolic gallop)
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increased ventricular filling, (L --> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure [CHF])
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S4 (presystolic gallop)
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stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)
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secondary hyperparathyroidism
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hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease
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sexually transmitted disease
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chlamydia (usually co-infected w/ gonorrhea)
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SIADH - paraneoplastic syndrome
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small cell carcinoma of the lung
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site of diverticula
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sigmoid colon
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site of atherosclerosis
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abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
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stomach cancer
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adenocarcinoma
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stomach ulceration w/ high gastrin levels
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Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (Gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)
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t( 14;18)
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follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
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t (8;14)
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Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
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t (9;22)
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philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcl-abl hybrid)
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temporal arteritis
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risk of ipsilateral blindess due to thrombosis of ophtalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica
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testicular tumor
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seminoma
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thyroid cancer
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papillary carcinoma
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tumor in women
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leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
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tumor of infancy
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hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)
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tyor of the adrenal medulla (adults)
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pheochromocytoma (usually benign)
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tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)
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neuroblastoma (malignant)
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type of Hodgkin's
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nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
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type of non-Hodgkin's
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diffuse large cell
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UTI
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E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)
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viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe
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HSV
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vitamin deficiency (US)
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folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-to-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects
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vitamin deficiency (US)
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folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3-to-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects
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