Fa Neurology P349- Day 5

Front 1

slow, writhing movements, especially of fingers.

Back 1

athetosis (snakelike)

Front 2

sudden, wild flailing of 1 arm.

Back 2

hemiballismus

Front 3

chorea and athetosis are due to lesions where?

Back 3

basal ganglia

Front 4

hemiballismus is due to lesions where?

Back 4

contralateral subthalamic nucleus (loss of inhibition of thalamus through GP)

Front 5

nonfluent aphasia with intact comprehension. affects inf frontal gyrus

Back 5

Broca's

Front 6

fluent aphasia with impaired comprehension. affects superior temporal gyrus.

Back 6

wernicke's

Front 7

Most common cause of dementia in elderly.
Associated with senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.

Back 7

Alzheimer's

Front 8

Familial form (10%) of Alzheimer's is associated with genes on _____

Back 8

Chr 1,14,19 (APOE4 allele) and 21 (p-App gene)

Front 9

2nd most common cause of dementia in elderly

Back 9

multi-infarct dementia

Front 10

dementia, aphasia, parkinsonian aspects

Back 10

Pick's disease

Front 11

Pick's disease is specific for which lobes

Back 11

frontal and temporal lobes

Front 12

AD inheritance, chorea, dementia. Atrophy of caudate nucleus (loss of GABAergic neurons)

Back 12

Huntington's disease

Front 13

Associated with Lewy bodies and depigmentation of SNc. Rare cases linked to MPTP.

Back 13

Parkinson's disease

Front 14

What NT are loss in Huntington's?

Back 14

CAG - Caudate loses ACh and GABA

Front 15

Associated with both LMN and UMN signs w/o sensory loss

Back 15

ALS

Front 16

floppy baby, tongue fasciculations, degeneration of ant horns

Back 16

Werdnig-Hoffmann disease

Front 17

LMN signs, degeneration of ant horns.

Back 17

Polio

Front 18

polio is transmitted by ___ route; replicates in ____; destroys cells in ____, leading to ____

Back 18

fecal-oral; oropharynx, small intestine; anterior horn of spinal cord; LMN destruction

Front 19

signs of LMN lesions

Back 19

muscle weakness and atrophy, fasciculations, fibrillation, hyporeflexia

Front 20

name 5 demyelinating diseases

Back 20

MS, PML, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, metachromatic leukodystrophy, guillain-Barre syndrome

Front 21

classic triad of MS

Back 21

SIN:
Scanning speech
Intention tremor
Nystagmus

Front 22

periventricular plaques with preservation fo axons

Back 22

MS

Front 23

presents with optic neuritis (sudden loss of vision), MLF syndrome (internuclear ophthalmoplegia), hemiparesis, hemisensory sxs, or bladder/bowel incontinence

Back 23

MS

Front 24

inflammation and demyelination of peripheral nervers and motor fibers of ventral roots, causing symmetric ascending muscle weakness beginning in distal lower extremities.

Back 24

Guillain-Barre syndrome

Front 25

What may be severely affected in Guillain-barre syndrome?

Back 25

autonomic function (cardiac irregularities, hypertension, hypotension)

Front 26

describe the 2 partial seizures

Back 26

simple partial (consciousness intact); complex partial (impaired consciousness)

Front 27

describe the 5 generalized seizures

Back 27

absence (petit mal) - blank stare
myoclonic - quick, repetitive jerks
tonic-clonic (grand mal) - alternating stiffening and movement
tonic - stiffening
atonic - drop seizures

Front 28

#1 cause of seizures in: children, adults, elderly

Back 28

congenital, tumors, stroke

Front 29

rupture of middle meningeal artery, often 2^ to fracture of temporal bone.

Back 29

epidural hematoma

Front 30

rupture of bridging veins. Seen in elderly, alcoholics, brunt trauma, shaken baby

Back 30

subdural hematoma

Front 31

rupture of an aneurysm or an AVM. "worst headache" of my life.

Back 31

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 32

caused by hypertension, amyloid angiopathy, dm, and tumor

Back 32

parenchymal hematoma

Front 33

most common site of berry aneurysms

Back 33

anterior communicating artery

Front 34

berry aneurysms associated with:

Back 34

APKD, Ehlers-Danlos, Marfan's.

Front 35

majority of adult 1^ tumors are ___; while majority of childhood 1^ tumors are ___

Back 35

supratentorial; infratentorial

Front 36

half of adult brain tumors are __-

Back 36

mets

Front 37

Most common 1^ brain tumor. <1 year life expectancy. Found in cerebral hemispheres. Can cross corpus callosum. Pseudopalisading tumor cells.

Back 37

Glioblastoma multiforme.

Front 38

2nd most common 1^ brain tumor. occurs in convexities of hemispheres and parasagittal region. whorled pattern and psammoma bodies.

Back 38

meningioma.

Front 39

3rd most common 1^ brain tumor. often localized to 8th nerve

Back 39

schwannoma

Front 40

fried egg cells

Back 40

oligodendroglioma

Front 41

tumor arising from rathke's pouch. may secrete prolactin, may lead to bitemporal hemianopia

Back 41

pituitary adenoma

Front 42

65yo HIV+ man with involuntary flinging movements of right arm and leg. Where is lesion?

Back 42

Left subthalamic nucleus
> MRI: ring-enhancing lesion (toxoplasmosis) in STN <

Front 43

35yo man with occasional irregular jerking movements of head, trunk, limbs with occasional stumbling. He has become more argumentative.

Where is lesion? What would be seen on imaging?

Back 43

Huntington's disease (striatum involvement, limbic pathway affected)
Imaging: Enlarged lateral ventricles (caudate atrophy)