Fa Muscskel

Front 1

Epidermal Layers (outer to inner)

Back 1

Corneum
Lucidum
Granulosum
Spinosum
Basalis

Californians Like Girls in String Bikinis

Front 2

Cell junction preventing diffusion across paracellular space

composed of claudins and occludins

Back 2

Zona Occludens (tight junction)

Front 3

Surrounds perimeter just below zona occludens; cadherins connect to actin

Back 3

Zona Adherens (intermediate junction)

CADherins are Ca-dependent ADhesion molecules

Front 4

Small discrete sites of attachment; cadherins connect to intermeidate filaments

contain keratin, desmoplakin

Back 4

Macula Adherens (desmosome)

paracellular

Front 5

Site of Pemphigus Vulgaris

Back 5

Macula Adherens

autoantibodies

Front 6

Allows adjacent cells to communicate for electric and metabolic functions, connecting with a central channel

Back 6

Gap Junctions

Front 7

Connects cells to underlying ECM

Back 7

Hemidesmosomes

Front 8

Sites of Bullous Pemphigoid

Back 8

Hemidesmosomes

Front 9

Autoantibodies to Hemidesmosomes @ Basolateral surface

Back 9

Bullous Pemphigoid

Front 10

Autoantibodies to desmosomes on paracellular surface

Back 10

Pemphigus vulgaris

Front 11

maintains integrity of basement membrane; binds to laminin in BM

Back 11

Integrin (Basolateral membrane)

Front 12

Unhappy Triad of Knee Injury (O'Donahues?)

Back 12

ACL
MCL
LATERAL meniscus

Front 13

site of attachment of ACL on tibia

Back 13

Anterior

Front 14

Site of attachment of PCL on tibia

Back 14

Posterior

Front 15

abnormal passive abduction of knee indicates

Back 15

torn MCL

Front 16

Landmark for pudendal nerve block (to relieve pain of delivery)

Back 16

Ischial spine

Front 17

Landmark for appendix

Back 17

McBurney's point

2/3 of the way from umbilicus to ASIS

Front 18

Landmark for Lumbar Puncture

Back 18

Iliac Crest

Front 19

Muscles of the Rotator Cuff

Back 19

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
teres MINOR
Subscapularis

SItS (small t for minor)

Front 20

Function of Supraspinatus

Back 20

abducts arm initially before deltoid

Front 21

most common rotator cuff injury

Back 21

Supraspinatus

Front 22

Infraspinatus function

Back 22

laterally rotates arm; pitching injury

Front 23

Teres minor function

Back 23

adducts and laterally rotates arm

Front 24

Subscapularis function

Back 24

Medially rotates and adducts arm

Front 25

Attach breasts to pectoral region

Back 25

Coopers Ligaments

Front 26

Abduction of shoulder sequence

Back 26

Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Serratus Anterior
Trapezius

Front 27

Most powerful arm flexor

Back 27

Brachialis

Front 28

function of biceps brachii at full arm extension

Back 28

flexor

Front 29

function of biceps brachii @ 90 degrees

Back 29

most powerful supinator

Front 30

Site in Brachial Plexus of Erb's Palsy

Back 30

Upper Trunk (C5/C6)

Front 31

Site in brachial plexus of Klumpke's Palsy

Back 31

Lower Trunk (C8/T1)

Front 32

Site in brachial injury of wrist drop

Back 32

Posterior Chord
or
Radial Nerve

Front 33

Cervical nerves associated with Long Thoracic

Back 33

C5-C7

Front 34

Osteocalcin/ALP are good indicators of

Back 34

Bone formation

Front 35

Which bone cells have high levels of ALP

Back 35

Osteoblasts

Front 36

Degrading enzymes found in Osteoclasts

Back 36

Acids for inorganic (acid phosphatase)
Proteases for organic (collagenases)

Front 37

Color comparision of young and old cartilage

Back 37

Young cartilage appears pink, old cartilage appears blue

Front 38

Ossification which occurs in longitudinal bones

Back 38

Endochondral Ossification
off HYALINE cartilage model @ epiphyseal plates

Front 39

Osteoblasts derived from

Back 39

Mesenchymal stem cells

Front 40

Area of increased osteoblasts @ fracture

Back 40

Callous

Front 41

Type of bone formation in flat bones (skull, face, ribs, etc)

Back 41

Membranous Ossification
no cartilage model

Front 42

Failure of longitudinal bone growth (endochondral ossification) resulting in short limbs with normally sized torso

Back 42

Achondroplasia

Front 43

Inheritance and pathogenesis of Achondroplasia

Back 43

Autosomal Dominant

constitutive activation of FGFR3 resulting in inactivation of chondrocyte proliferation

Front 44

Most common bone disorder in US resulting in crush fractures, loss of height, kyphosis

Back 44

Osteoporosis

Front 45

Type 1 postmenopausal Osteoporosis mechanism

Back 45

↑ bone resoprtion due to ↓ estrogen levels

Front 46

Type 2 Senile Osteoporosis mechanism

Back 46

affects men and women > 70 years of age

Front 47

Treatment of Osteoporosis

Back 47

Estrogen (SERMs)
Bisphosphonates
Calcitonin

pulsatile PTH if severe

Front 48

Possible causes of Secondary (early) Osteoporosis

Back 48

Turners
Estrogen ↓
↓ Exercise
↓Nutrition
Cushings, steroids
Thyrotoxicosis

Front 49

failure of normal bone resorption resulting in thickened dense ones which are prone to fracture

Back 49

Osteopetrosis (Marble Bone Disease)

Front 50

Mechanism of Osteopetrosis?
Lab Values?

Back 50

Defective function of osteoclasts
→Carbonic Anhydrase II defects possible

normal Ca/PO/ALP

Front 51

Common effects of Osteopetrosis

Back 51

Erlenmeyer Flask bones (flare out)
CN impingement + defects
*Anemia, thrombocytopenia, infection from ↓marrow space

Front 52

defective mineralization/calcifaction of osteoid resulting in soft bones resulting from Vitamin D deficiency

Back 52

Osteomalacia/Rickets

Front 53

Lab findings in Rickets/Osteomalacia

Back 53

↓Calcium
↑PTH
↓serum phosphate

Front 54

Clinical findings in Rickets/Osteomalacia

Back 54

*Bowed legs
Pectus Carinatum
Knobs @ Costovertebral joints

Front 55

Blue Sclera
+/-

fractures
deafness
*discolored teeth

Back 55

Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Front 56

Pathogenesis of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Back 56

no collagen type I

Type 1 is AD, childhood fractures
Type 2 is AR, stillborn with crumpled bones

Front 57

Abnormal bone architecture caused by ↑ in both osteoblast and osteoclast activity

Back 57

Paget's Disease