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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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special culture requirements
H. influenzae |
chocolate agar with factors V (NaD+) and X (hematin)
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special culture requirements
N. gonorrhoeae |
Thayer-martin or VPN media
Vancomycin (inhibit G (+)) Polymyxin (inhibit G (-)) Nystatin (inhibit fungi) |
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special culture requirements
B. pertussis |
Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar
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special culture requirements
C. diphtheriae |
tellurite plate, Loffler's media
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special culture requirements
M. tuberculosis |
Lowenstein-Jensen Agar
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special culture requirements
M. pneumoniae |
Eaton's agar
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special culture requirements
lactose-fermenting enterics |
pink colonies on macConkey's agar (fermentation produces acid, turning plate pin)
E. coli is also grown on EMB (eosin-methylene blue) agar as blue-black colonies with metallic sheen |
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special culture requirements
legionella |
charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine
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special culture requirements
fungi |
sabouraud's agar
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obligate anerobes
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anaerobes Can't Breath Air
Clostridium Bacteroides Actinomyces lack catalase and or superoxide dismutase |
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Obligate Intracellular bugs
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Rickettsia
chlamydia can't make own atp |
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facultative intracellular
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Some Nasty Bugs May Live FactultativeLy
Salmonella Neisseria Brucella Mycobacterium Listeria Francisella Legionella |
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Encapsulated bacteria
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Kapsules Shield SHiN
Klebsiella pneumoniae Salmonella Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenza type B Neisseria meningitidis positive quellung reaction SHiN can make IgA protease causing meningitis, and take up DNA from environment (transformation) Capsules serve as antigens in vaccines |
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Urease positive bugs
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Particular Kinds Have Urease
Proteus Klebsiella H. pylori Ureaplasma |
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Pigment producing bacteria
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actinomyces israelii - yellow sulfur granules
s. aureus - yellow pigment pseudomonas aeruginosa - blue green serratia marcescens - red |
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bugs with toxins
corynebacterium diphtheriae |
AB toxin
ianctivate elongation factor 2 (EF2) cause pharyngitis and pseudomembrane in throat |
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bugs with toxin
vibrio cholerae |
ADP ribosylate G protein to stimulate AC.
increases pumping of Cl into gut and decreased Na absorption. h2o into gut, rice water diarrhea |
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bugs with toxin
e. coli (ETEC) |
heat labile toxin stimulate AC
heat stable toxin stimulate GC both cause watery diarrhea. |
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bugs with toxin
bordetella pertussis |
increases cAMP by inhibiting Gi
causes whooping cough inhibits chemokine receptor, causing lymphocytosis. |
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bugs with toxin
clostridium perfringens |
a toxin causes gas gangrene
double zone of hemolysis on blood agar. |
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bugs with toxin
c. tetani |
blocks relase of GABA and glycine.
causes lockjaw. |
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bugs with toxin
c. botulinum |
block Ach release; anticholinergic symptoms, CNs paralysis, esp. CN.
spores found in canned food (at home) and honey (floppy baby) |
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bugs with toxin
bacillus anthracis |
edema factor, part of toxin complex is AC.
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bugs with toxin
shigella |
shiga toxin (also made by e. coli o157:h7) cleaves host rRNA (60S ribosome)
enhances cytokine release causing HUS |
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bugs with toxin
s. pyogenes |
streptolysin O is hemolysin
Ag for ASO ab. |
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parasite hints
brain cysts, seizures |
taenia solium (cysticercosis)
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parasite hints
liver cysts |
echinococcus granulosus
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parasite hints
b12 deficiencyy |
diphyllobothrium latum
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parasite hints
biliary tract disease, cholangiosarcoma |
clonorchis sinensis
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parasite hints
hemoptysis |
paragoniums westermani
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parasite hints
portal hypertension |
schistosoma manson
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parasite hints
hematuria, bladder cancer |
schistosoma haematobium
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parasite hints
microcytic anemia |
ancylostoma
necator |
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parasite hints
perianal pruritus |
enterobius
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typhoid fever
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caused by salmonella typhi
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typhus
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rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic)
rickettsia typhi (endemic) rickettsia tsutsugamushi (scrub typhus) |
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chlamydia trachomatis
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bacteria, STD
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treponema
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spirochete
causes syphilis (t. pallidum) or yaws (t. pertenue) |
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trichomonas vaginalis
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protozoan, STD
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trypanosoma
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protozoan, causes chagas' disease (t. cruzi) or african sleeping sickness
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toxoplama
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protozoan, a TORCH infection
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trichinella spiralis
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nematode in undercooked meat
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taenia solium
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tapeworm larvae (intestinal infection) or eggs (neurocysticercosis) in pork
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viral vaccines
killed |
rabies
influenza salk poli HAV |
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viral vaccines
recombinant |
HBV (recombinant HBsAg)
HPV (6, 11, 16, 18) |
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rubella
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togavirus
german 3 day measles |
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rubeola
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parmyxovirus
measles |
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roseola
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herpesvirus (HHV-6)
high fever followed by diffuse maculopapular rash |
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varicella
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herpesvirus; chickenpox and zoster
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variola
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poxvirus; small pox
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bug hits (if all else fails)
pus, empyema, abscess |
s. aureus
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bug hits (if all else fails)
pediatric infection |
h. influenza (including epiglottitis)
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bug hits (if all else fails)
pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection |
pseudomonas aeruginosa
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bug hits (if all else fails)
branching rods in oral infection, sulfur granules |
actinomyces israelii
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bug hits (if all else fails)
traumatic open wound |
clostridium perfringens
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bug hits (if all else fails)
surgical wound |
s. auerus
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bug hits (if all else fails)
dog or cat bite |
pasteurella multocida
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bug hits (if all else fails)
currant jelly sputum |
klebsiella
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bug hits (if all else fails)
positive PAS stain |
tropheryma whippelii (whipple's disease)
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bug hits (if all else fails)
sepsis/meningitis in newborn |
group b strep
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bug hits (if all else fails)
health care provider |
HBV from needle stick
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bug hits (if all else fails)
fungal infection in diabetic |
mucor or rhizopus spp.
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bug hits (if all else fails)
asplenic patient |
encapsulated microbes, especially SHiN
s. pneumoniae H. influenzae type b n. meningitidis |
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bug hits (if all else fails)
chronic granulomatous disease |
catalase postiive mcirobes
s. aureus nocardia spp. serratia marcescens pseudomonas cepacia aspergillus spp |
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bug hits (if all else fails)
neutropenic patients |
candidia albicans (systemic)
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bug hits (if all else fails)
bilateral bell's palsy |
borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease)
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nematode (roundworm)
enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) |
food contaminated with eggs; intestinal infection; causes anal pruritis (the scotch tape test)
tx: -bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate |
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nematode (roundworm)
ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm) |
eggs are visible in feces; intestinal infection
tx: -bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate |
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nematode (roundworm)
trichinella spiralis |
undercooked meat, usually pork; inflammation of muscle (larvae encyst in muscle), periorbital edema
tx: -bendazoles |
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nematode (roundworm)
strongyloides stercoralis |
larvae in soil penetrate the skin; intestinal infection; causes vomiting, diarrhea and anemia
tx: -bendazoles or ivermectin |
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nematode (roundworm)
ancylostoma duodenale, necator americanus (hookworms) |
larvae penetrate skin of feet; insteinal infection can cause anemia (sucks blood from intestinal walls)
tx: -bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate (worms are BENDy; treat with meBENDazole) |
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nematode (roundworm)
dracunulus medinensis |
in drinking water; skin inflammation and ulceration
tx: niridazole |
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nematode (roundworm)
onchocerca volvulus |
transmitted by female blackflies; causes hyperpigmented skin and river blindness (remember blackflies, black skin nodules, "black sight"). can have allergic reaction to microfilaria
tx: ivermectin (ivermectin for rIVER blindness) |
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nematode (roundworm)
loa loa |
transmitted by deer fly, horse fly, and mango fly; causes swelling in skin (can see worm crawling in conjunctiva)
tx: diethylcarbamazine |
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nematode (roundworm)
wuchereria bancrofti |
female mosquito; causes blockage of lymphatic vessels (elephantiasis). take 9 months to 1 year after bite to get elephantiasis symptoms
tx: diethylcarbamazine |
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nematode (roundworm)
toxocara canis |
food contamined with eggs; causes granulomas (if in retina --> blindness) and visceral larva migrans
tx: diethylcarbamazine |
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cestodes (tapeworms)
taenia solium |
ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork leads to intestinal tapeworms. ingestion of eggs causes cysticercosis and neurocysticercosis, mass lesions in brain ("swiss cheese" appearance)
tx: praziquantel (use -bendazoles for neurocysticercosis) |
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cestodes (tapeworms)
diphyllobothrium latum |
ingestion of larve in raw freshwater fish. causese vitamin b12 deficiency, resulting in anemia
tx: praziquantel |
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cestodes (tapeworms)
echinococcus granulosus |
eggs in dog feces when ingested can cause cysts in liver; causes anaphylaxis if echinococcal antigens are released from cysts (surgeons inject ethanol before removal to neutralize antigens).
tx: -bendazoles |
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trematodes (flukes)
schistosoma |
snails are hosts; cercariae penetrate skin of humans; causes granulomas, fibrosis and inflammation of the spleen and liver. chronic infection with s. haematobium can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder
tx: praziquantel |
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trematodes (flukes)
clonorchis sinensis |
undercooked fish; causes inflammation of the biliary tract --> pigmented gallstones. also associated with cholangiocarcinoma
tx: praziquantel |
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trematodes (flukes)
paragonimus westermani |
undercooked crab meat; causes inflammation and secondary bacterial infection of the lung, causing hemoptysis
tx: praziquantel |
