Fa Med - Mastitis And Udder Health

Front 1

Factors contributing to mastitis

Back 1

-cow factors
-people factors
-environmental factors
-bacteria factors

Front 2

Most important factor that contributes to mastitis

Back 2

-people factors

Front 3

How do bacteria move into the udder?
-exception

Back 3

via the streak canal
-bacterial located on the surface of the teat
--moisture or injection carry bacteria up the teat canal
---colonization of milk producing tissue

-cannot move from quarter to quarter

-exception = Mycoplasma sp.

Front 4

Mastitis
-people causes

Back 4

Poor milking procedure
-dirty teats
-poor lag time
-poor teat dipping
-poor milking unit management

Front 5

Mastitis
-animal causes

Back 5

Immunosuppression from calving

Conformation (udder depth)
-deep udders carry more dirt
-teats get injured

Front 6

Why is udder conformation not a big deal in today's herds?

Back 6

-moderately heritable

Front 7

Matitis
-environmental causes

Back 7

-dirty stalls
-heat stress (immunosuppression)
-dirty alleyways

Front 8

Mastitis
-bacterial causes

Back 8

-environmental vs. contagious

Front 9

For mastitis to occur, what must be present?

Back 9

-bacteria
- + one of the epidemiological triad arms

Front 10

Arms of the epidemiological triad

Back 10

-pathogen
-host
-environment/management

Front 11

Mastitis
-Iceberg principle

Back 11

-for every clinical mastitis case there are 15-40 subclinical cases

Front 12

How can subclinical mastitis cases be found?

Back 12

-somatic cell count

Front 13

Why is finding subclinical mastitis important?

Back 13

-more costly than clinical mastitis

Front 14

Clinical mastitis
-signs

Back 14

-swollen quarter
-abnormal appearing milk w/ clots, flakes, etc.

Front 15

Clinical mastitis
-severity score

Back 15

-1: abnormal milk only
-2: abnormal milk & swollen quarter
-3: abnormal milk, swollen quarter, and systemic signs

Front 16

Mastitis
-purpose of severity score

Back 16

-monitor how quickly milkers are recognizing mastitis
-if 20% or more mastitis cases are score 3 then milkers are not recognizing the signs

Front 17

Contagious organisms
-characteristics

Back 17

-able to colonize and live in the udder
-Infection occurs during the milking process
-Post-dip is key to prevent

Front 18

Environmental organisms
-characteristics

Back 18

-Eliminated rapidly once in the udder
-Infection occurs between milkings
-Pre-dipping helps to control

Front 19

Environmental causes of mastitis
-how long for self-elimination

Back 19

-about 10 days

Front 20

Bovine mastitis
-typical contagious infection etiological agents

Back 20

-S. aureus
-Mycoplasma sp.

Front 21

Main method for reducing new infection rate for contagious and environmental infections

Back 21

-management changes

Front 22

Contagious mastitis
-effect on BTSCC after management change

Back 22

-slow decrease

Front 23

Environmental mastitis
-effect on BTSCC after management changes

Back 23

-quick decrease

Front 24

What needs to always be kept in mind in order to prevent mastitis?

Back 24

-Epidemiological triad

Front 25

Preventing mastitis
-animal components that affect the epidemiological triad

Back 25

-udder conformation
-immunosuppression
-age

Front 26

When is immunosuppression resulting in mastitis a problem in a cow?
-why?

Back 26

-right before and right after lactation

-all fresh cows suffer from immunosuppression

Front 27

Immunological suppression
-how to prevent

Back 27

-balanced diet concentrating on feed intake and the proper density of nutrients to maximize immunity that is present
-reduce environmental exposure

Front 28

Describe the relationship between the onset of mastitis and age

Back 28

-young and old cows are more susceptible to mastitis infection

Front 29

Why is controlling the environment so important to mastitis prevention?

Back 29

-mastitis risk is directly related to the bacterial load on the teat

Front 30

Ways to minimize bacterial load on the teats

Back 30

-routine clip/flame of excess hair from the udder
-clean bedding and clean area to stand/walk
-teat dip

Front 31

Why do some herds use barn lime?
-problem

Back 31

-thought to decrease the pH, providing an inhospitable environment for bacteria

-problem: needs to be reapplied every few hrs and doesn't really work too well

Front 32

Problem with environmental management for mastitis prevention in the southeast

Back 32

-cooling pools are needed
-need to consider the health impacts of not having cooling pools and weight them against the SCC/bacterial load

Front 33

Pre-dip
-for control of

Back 33

-environmental mastitis

Front 34

Pre-dip
-purpose

Back 34

-reduce the bacteria load on the teat at the time of milking

Front 35

Post-dip
-for control of

Back 35

contagious mastitis

Front 36

Post-dip
-purpose

Back 36

-remove milk film
-reduces the number of bacteria that can colonize the teat skin

Front 37

Why is removing the milk film from the teat important?

Back 37

lessens the nutrients available for bacterial growth

Front 38

Describe

Back 38

-normal teat

Front 39

Describe

Back 39

-hyperkeratosis
-bacteria able to live in cracks

Front 40

Describe

Back 40

-dry, cracked teat
-due to cold/winter conditions
-bacteria con colonize in cracks

Front 41

Describe

Back 41

-overmilked teat
-red
-edematous

Front 42

Mastitis
-infection rate is directly related to?

Back 42

-amount of bacteria on the teat

Front 43

Key to excellent udder health

Back 43

-clean cows
-milking procedures that reduce the number of bacteria present on the test

(if cows are extremely dirty, no milking procedure can effectively reduce the bacterial numbers on the teat)

Front 44

Keys to mastitis prevention

Back 44

-clean cows
-proper milking procedure
-culture all cows before practice
-train and monitor milker performance
-review DHI and other records monthly
-proper milking equipment maintenance

Front 45

Most of the money lost in milk production is due to_____

Back 45

sub-clinical mastitis