Fa Med - Brdc Viral Etiologies

Front 1

BRDC
-viruses

Back 1

-IBR (infectious bovine rhinotracheitis)
-BVD (bovine viral diarrhea)
-PI3 (influenza)
-BRSV (Bovine respiratory syncitial virus)

Front 2

IBR
-prevalence

Back 2

-very common

Front 3

Virus that should be addressed every time you put a vaccine in a respiratory preventive program

Back 3

-IBR

Front 4

IBR
-vaccine to use

Back 4

-MLV (unless there are reproductive concerns)

Front 5

Dominant antigen
-define

Back 5

-antigen that takes up the majority of the immune response when multiple antigens are administered at the same time

Front 6

Bovine
-respiratory dominant antigen

Back 6

-IBR

Front 7

IBR as a dominant antigen
-effect

Back 7

-if the animal has not been exposed, then IBR will negate the response to other antigens (Mannheimia, Trueperella)

Front 8

IBR as a dominant antigen
-concurrent vaccination

Back 8

-wait to administer other antigens until after primary IBR exposure
or
-don't include IBR at the time of initial exposure to other antigens

Front 9

IBR
-antemortem signs

Back 9

-"rednose"
-pustules in nares
-high fever
-watery eyes
-excellent treatment response in uncomplicated IBR (no bacterial complication)

Front 10

IBR
-postmortem signs

Back 10

-Sewerpipe trachea
-possible no trachea signs

Front 11

Bovine
-how to autopsy an animal with respiratory disease

Back 11

-remove entire respiratory tract with the tongue

Front 12

Describe

Back 12

-sewerpipe trachea

*differentiate from respiratory debris by rubbing on trachea. Plaques stay on with sewerpipe trachea

Front 13

IBR
-poor therapeutic practices

Back 13

Vaccination in the face of disease
-MLV IBR vaccine given at the time of BRD therapy (no difference in outcome)

Revaccinate entire pen
-no data to support efficacy

Trying revaccination on a pen before mass treatment
-no evidence of benefit

Front 14

IBR
-proper therapy

Back 14

-address secondary bacterial infection with antimicrobials

Front 15

IBR
-vaccine type use
-why

Back 15

-MLV

-provide superior cellular immune response compared to killed vaccines

Front 16

IBR vaccine
-intranasal vs. instramuscular

Back 16

Intranasal
-immediate, local protection

Intramuscular
-systemic effect

*suggest giving IM with intranasal unless there are reproductive concerns

Front 17

Chemically altered IBR vaccine
-when to use
-name

Back 17

-only use where reproductive concerns are present
-DON'T use in feedlot

-cattlemaster IV

Front 18

IBR
-Onset 5 IN problem (describe)

Back 18

-labeled for beef operations, branding and weaning, inducing a rapid immunological response in the face of high stress and as a measure against pre-shipment (high risk cattle)
-company response to not use with high risk cattle due to pulmonary infections

Front 19

BVD
-prevalence

Back 19

-very ubiquitous

Front 20

BVD
-characteristics

Back 20

-Types I & II
-cytopathic and noncytopathic
-antigenically diverse population

Front 21

BVD
-vaccination

Back 21

-never iintranasal

*not in the latest intranasal vaccine w/ IBR, PI3, BRSV

Front 22

Latest intranasal vaccine

Back 22

-Inforce 3

Front 23

BVD
-signs

Back 23

Presentation as a reproductive and respiratory disease (part of a severe respiratory outbreak)
+/- diarrhea
+/- oral ulcers
+/- hemorrhagic syndrome in a BRD calf (bleeding from mouth , nose, anus, pale mm, depressed, lungs look fine)
-poor treatment response & chronics

Front 24

BVD
-effect of PI animals on morbidity in the feedlot pen

Back 24

-some studies show marked effect

-no significant changes in BRDC morbidity in single-source pens with a PI animal
-increased morbidity if a PI animal is present in a comingled pen

*most times should euthanize PI calves

Front 25

BVD
-diagnosis

Back 25

-ear notch

Front 26

BVD
-postmortem lesions

Back 26

Erosions of the GIT
-mouth
-esophageal linear erosions
-abomasum (blood)
-linear erosions in cecum

Necrotic peyer's patches

*erosions don't need to be present

Front 27

BVD
-therapy

Back 27

-Treat BRD
-euthanize chronics with oral ulcers (unethical to sell, shedding virus)

Front 28

BVD
-prognosis

Back 28

-many animals beat acute BVD

Front 29

BVD
-vaccination

Back 29

-don't know the importance of cellular immunity because BVD wipes out leukocytes in test media
-concern over immunosuppression with MLV vaccines
-use MLV BVD vaccine everywhere except where reproduction is a concern and intranasal

Front 30

Will MLV BVD vaccine kill persistently infected animals?

Back 30

-only if it is a cytopathic match to the noncytopathic virus infecting the PI animal

Front 31

Won't a previous killed vaccine block a subsequent MLV product?

Back 31

marketing ploy by killed virus company (no data)

Front 32

BVD
-MLV vs. Killed in the feedlot

Back 32

-some use Killed vaccines on arrival do to concern of immunosuppressive and stress effects
-some think superior protection by MLV is worth the risk

-Dairys: KV can be used if vaccination isn't timed for when the cow is open

Front 33

MLV BVD in calves nursing the cow

Back 33

-there are vaccines labeled for calves still nursing the cow
-vaccinated calves shed the vaccine virus for a short period

Front 34

MLV BVD use in cows

Back 34

-not during the first trimester
-if needed,"", start up immunity the last month or so of pregnancy

Front 35

Parainfluenza type 3
-effect

Back 35

-unknown effects in vaccines

-probably no harm

Front 36

BRSV
-prevalence

Back 36

-geographical effect on occurance

Front 37

BRSV
-signs

Back 37

-open mouth breathing
-severe dyspnea
-high fever
-bloody mucus in feedbunk

Front 38

BRSV
-signs often confused with

Back 38

-Acute interstitial pneumonia

Front 39

BRSV
-possibly associated with

Back 39

-bacterial pneumonia complex presentation

Front 40

BRSV
-postmortem

Back 40

-wet, heavy lungs
-possible interstitial edema
-interstitial emphysema

Front 41

BRSV
-therapy

Back 41

-treat like BRD

*don't use anti-inflammatories or furosemide

Front 42

BRSV
-diagnostic tests

Back 42

-FA
-Immunohistochemistry
-viral isolation
-histopathology
-PCR********

Front 43

Is BRSV a hypersensitivity disease?

Back 43

-no evidence of more severe clinical disease with vaccine

Front 44

BRSV vaccination
-is it protective

Back 44

-no lasting immunity
-some economic benefit of vaccine after many attempts

Front 45

BRSV
-vaccination

Back 45

-give 2 shots immediately