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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is static posture?
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Sustained position for function
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What is dynamic posture?
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Position used with movement
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How is dynamic posture analyzed?
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As many static postures, with a free body diagram
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What three factors contribute to postural stability or equilibrium?
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Architecture, neuromotor and environment
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What are the components of the architectural (skeletal) factors of posture?
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-Bony skeleton: adaptive change throughout lifespan
-Fascioligamentous connective tissue: between muscles and bones |
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How is architecture altered?
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By use pattern (atrophy, hypertrophy)
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Line of gravity contributes to what portion of postural stability?
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Environmental
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What are the characteristics of the line of gravity as it pertains to posture?
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-Constant force
-Results in compression or shear -Has major role in postural habits -Needs to fall within BOS to maintain equilibrium |
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What is BOS?
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-Area of contact
-Smaller area decreases stability |
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What is COG? Where is it found in most humans?
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-Center of gravity
-Found along the mid-sagittal line, right in front of the sacrum (S2) -Lower COG increases stability |
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What is LOS?
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-Limit of stability: the amount of COG movement outside BOS without losing balance
-Requires adjustment and control of static movement |
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What are the components of neuromotor control of postural stability?
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-Nervous system
-Sense organs -Muscle system |
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Explain open loop control of posture
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-Feed forward
-Motor response to environmental/contextual cue -Developmental reflexes, acquired patterns |
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Explain closed loop control of posture
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-Feed back
-Motor response modified by sensory feedback -Strech reflex, long loop stretch, voluntary response |
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During optimal postural alignment, a plumb line will travel through what structures?
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-Mastoid process
-Middle to posterior to C-spine -Tip of acromion (anterior) -Anterior to T-spine -Through/posterior to L-spine -Through/posterior to hip -Anterior to knee -Anterior to ankle mortise -About mid-foot (navicular) |
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The force of gravity should create external moments at what points in the body?
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-Capital FLEX (OA joint)
-Cervical EX -Thoracic FLEX -Lumbar EX -Neutral or hip EX -Knee EX -Ankle DF at TCJ |
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What are the internal moments of the body with correct posture?
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-Capital extensors and lig. nuchae
-Cervical flexors -Thoracic extensors -Lumbar ALL and some abs -Hip: Y-ligament, joint capsule, some iliopsoas -Knee: capsule, cruciates -Gastroc/soleus to resist DF |
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Is 'reaction' time slow or quick to changes in posture? How does the body adjust for this?
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Often too slow, the body prepares ahead of time to 'preset' muscles for known demand
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How can the body improve response time?
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-Training improves response time
-Increases magnitude of response -Decreases time to respond -Prepare ahead of time for response 'feed forward' |
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What are the three postural responses to perturbation of a surface?
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1. Ankle strategy
2. Hip strategy 3. Stepping strategy |
