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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the features of a cervical vertebra?
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Small body
Transverse foramen (vertebral body) Bifid spinous process Large vertebral canal Two specialized vertebrae (C1, C2) Uncinate process |
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Why is there a large vertebral canal in the cervical spine?
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To hold the brainstem
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Where are uncinate processes found?
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C3-C7
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What is another name for uncovertebral joints?
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Joints of Luschka
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What is the function of uncinate processes?
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Somewhat unclear, thought to guide movement and aide stability
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When do uncinate processes become a weight bearing surface?
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During osteoarthritis when osteophytes are formed
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When does the nucleus of a cervical disc turn into fibrocartilage?
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By the teens
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Where does the cervical disc split and does the ligament remain intact?
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Splits in the back half, the ligaments stay intact
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What parts of the cervical annulus are thick and thin?
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Anterior annulus-thick
Posterior annulus-thin |
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What is unique about C1 (Atlas)?
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No vertebral body
No spinous process (has posterior tubercle) Largest vertebral forament Longest transverse process in C-spine |
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What is unique about C2 (Axis)?
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Dens
Large spinous process Huge facets that are nearly flat Made for rotation |
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Where does the superior facet face in a typical cervical vertebra?
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Posteriorly and superiorly
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Where does the inferior facet face in a typical cervical vertebra?
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Anteriorly and inferiorly
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What are the two major joints in the craniocervical region?
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C0-C1: Altanto-occipital joint
C1-C2: Atlanto-axial joint |
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What is the most mobile portion of the cervical spine?
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The craniocervical region
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What is the function of the alar ligament?
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It stabilizes C0-C2
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What are the three parts of the cruciform ligament and what is its function?
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Superior, transverse and inferior; stabilizes C1-C2 and C0-C2
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What motion does the left alar ligament limit?
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Right sidebending
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Where does the alar ligament run?
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From the dens to the sides of the occipital condyles
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What movements does the alar ligament limit?
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Axial rotation and sidebending of the head and axis
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Where does the cruciform ligament run?
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Posterior to the dens
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What do the transverse and vertical fibers of the cruciform ligament prevent the dens from doing?
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Traveling into the spinal cord at the base of the neck
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Where is the tectoral membrane at what ligament is it a continuation of?
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Posterior to the cruciate ligament, continuation of the PLL
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What motions does the tectoral membrane limit?
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Extremes of flexion and extension
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What type of joint is the atlanto-occipital joint?
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Synovial joint with capsule
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What motions can be performed at the atlanto-occipital joint?
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20 degrees of nodding, slight lateral flexion, no rotation
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What three joints make up the atlanto-axial joint?
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Two facet joints and the medial joint (dens and atlas)
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What percentage of cervical rotation occurs at the atlanto-axial joint?
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50-60%
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What ligament limits rotation at the atlanto-axial joint?
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Alar ligament
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What is the ROM for extension, flexion, rotation and side-bending in the cervical spine?
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80 deg extension
45 deg flexion 80 deg rotation (in each direction) 40 deg SB (in each direction) |
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What motions occur in the upper and lower cervical spine during protraction?
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Extension in upper spine
Flexion in lower spine |
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What motions occur in the upper and lower cervical spine during retraction?
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Flexion in the upper spine
Extension in the lower spine |
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Where can nerve entrapment occur in the cervical spine? What nerves are entrapped?
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Scalene muscles-brachial plexus
Suboccipital muscles-occipital nerve -cervical rootlets, DRG, peripheral nerve |
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What is postural syndrome in the cervical spine?
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When muscles in the head and neck become unbalanced by an alteration in head position
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Degeneration can occur in what structures in the cervical spine to cause pathology?
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Disc
Uncovertebral joint Facet |
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Degeneration of the uncovertebral joint causes what pathology?
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Nerve root irritaiton
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