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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What is the most important fxn of vitamin A?
What does deficiency of this vitamin cause? |
Antioxidant
Night blindness, dry skin |
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What vitamin deficiency leads to beri beri?
Dry beriberi-polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle wasting. Wet beriberi-high-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy), edema. |
Vit. B1 - Thiamine
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What is the most important fxn of vitamin B2?
What does deficiency of this vitamin cause? |
Cofactor for FAD
Chelosis & Corneal Vascularization |
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What is the most important fxn of vitamin B3?
What does deficiency of this vitamin cause? |
Constituent of NAD & needed to may tryptophan
Pellegra: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia |
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What is the most important fxn of vitamin B5?
What does deficiency of this vitamin cause? |
Essential for CoA & Fatty Acid Synthase
Dermatitis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency |
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What does deficiency of vitamin B6 cause?
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Peripheral neuropathy & Sideroblastic anemia
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What is the most important fxn of vitamin B12?
What does deficiency of this vitamin cause? |
Cofactor for homocysteine
Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia |
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What does deficiency of vitamin C cause?
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Scurvy (swollen gums, bruising, and poor wound healing) due to collagen synthesis deficit
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Deficiency of what vitamin causes rickets in children (bending bones), and osteomalacia in adults (soft bones)?
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Vit. D
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What is the most important fxn of vitamin E?
What does deficiency of this vitamin cause? |
Antioxidant, protects erythrocytes from free radical damage
Hemolytic anemia & Spinocerebellar tract demylination |
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What are 4 major causes of sideroblastic anemia?
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Aminolevulinic acid synthase deficiency
Alcoholism (mitochondrial poison) Lead poisoning (inhibits ALAD & Ferrochelatase) Vit. B6 deficiency (SE of INH tx) |
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What kind of anemia can Vit. B6 deficiency cause?
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Microcytic
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Where is folate normally absorbed?
Where is iron normally absorbed? Where is B12 normally absorbed? |
Folate in Jejunum
Fe in duodenum B12 in ileum |
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What is the best serum test to order to distinguish between folate and B12 as the cause of a macrocytic anemia?
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Methylmalonic acid levels
High = B12 Low = Folate |
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In what diseases would you see Howell-Jolly bodies?
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Spherocytosis after splenectomy was performed
Sickle cell |
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Smudge cell =
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CLL
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What cell is CD15 & CD 30 positive?
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Reed-Sternberg cell
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If a child has exopthalmos what is the most likely diagnosis?
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Hand-Schuller Christian Dz - a malignant proliferation of langerhan cells (Bierbeck granules)
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Chromogranin positive =
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Neuroendocrine cells (Carcinoid tumor or small cell carcinoma of lungs)
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What are two major organs in which liquifactive necrosis occur?
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Brain
Pancreas |
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Chocolate cyst in ovary =
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Endometriosis - proliferation of both glands and stroma
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What are 4 main pathologies where psammoma bodies are present?
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Papillary CA of thyroid
Meningioma Papillary serious CA of uterus Mesothelioma from asbestos |
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The high BP in preeclampsia can result in what type of necrosis in the blood vessels of placenta?
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Fibrinoid necrosis
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Is pancreatis metastasis osteocytic or osteoblastic?
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Osteoblastic = increased serum alkaline phosphatase
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What are two common causes of hyaline arteriolosclerosis?
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Hypertension
Diabetes |
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Bilateral Bell's palsy =
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Guillan Barre
Lyme's dz |
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What dz is characterized by having Heinz bodies & bite cells?
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Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency - b/c of low NADPH
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What are the 3 major enzymes that requires the "Tender Loving Care For Nancy" cofactors?
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Pyruvate dehydrogenase -
Alpha-keto gluterate dehydrogenase complex Branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase |
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Bilateral Hilar lymphadenopathy = ?
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Sarcoidosis
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Muddy brown casts =
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Acute tubular necrosis - recovery is mediated by tubular re-epithelization
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What diuretic is unique in that it stimulates PGE release = afferent dilation?
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Furosemide (Ethacrynic acid)
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Non casseating granuloma (means has no necrosis) + unable to chew crackers and dry eyes =
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Sarcoidosis
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