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32 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What is the most important fxn of vitamin A?

What does deficiency of this vitamin cause?
Antioxidant

Night blindness, dry skin
What vitamin deficiency leads to beri beri?

Dry beriberi-polyneuritis, symmetrical muscle
wasting.

Wet beriberi-high-output cardiac failure
(dilated cardiomyopathy), edema.
Vit. B1 - Thiamine
What is the most important fxn of vitamin B2?

What does deficiency of this vitamin cause?
Cofactor for FAD

Chelosis & Corneal Vascularization
What is the most important fxn of vitamin B3?

What does deficiency of this vitamin cause?
Constituent of NAD & needed to may tryptophan

Pellegra: Diarrhea, Dermatitis, Dementia
What is the most important fxn of vitamin B5?

What does deficiency of this vitamin cause?
Essential for CoA & Fatty Acid Synthase

Dermatitis, alopecia, adrenal insufficiency
What does deficiency of vitamin B6 cause?
Peripheral neuropathy & Sideroblastic anemia
What is the most important fxn of vitamin B12?

What does deficiency of this vitamin cause?
Cofactor for homocysteine

Macrocytic megaloblastic anemia
What does deficiency of vitamin C cause?
Scurvy (swollen gums, bruising, and poor wound healing) due to collagen synthesis deficit
Deficiency of what vitamin causes rickets in children (bending bones), and osteomalacia in adults (soft bones)?
Vit. D
What is the most important fxn of vitamin E?

What does deficiency of this vitamin cause?
Antioxidant, protects erythrocytes from free radical damage

Hemolytic anemia & Spinocerebellar tract demylination
What are 4 major causes of sideroblastic anemia?
Aminolevulinic acid synthase deficiency

Alcoholism (mitochondrial poison)

Lead poisoning (inhibits ALAD & Ferrochelatase)

Vit. B6 deficiency (SE of INH tx)
What kind of anemia can Vit. B6 deficiency cause?
Microcytic
Where is folate normally absorbed?

Where is iron normally absorbed?

Where is B12 normally absorbed?
Folate in Jejunum

Fe in duodenum

B12 in ileum
What is the best serum test to order to distinguish between folate and B12 as the cause of a macrocytic anemia?
Methylmalonic acid levels

High = B12
Low = Folate
In what diseases would you see Howell-Jolly bodies?
Spherocytosis after splenectomy was performed

Sickle cell
Smudge cell =
CLL
What cell is CD15 & CD 30 positive?
Reed-Sternberg cell
If a child has exopthalmos what is the most likely diagnosis?
Hand-Schuller Christian Dz - a malignant proliferation of langerhan cells (Bierbeck granules)
Chromogranin positive =
Neuroendocrine cells (Carcinoid tumor or small cell carcinoma of lungs)
What are two major organs in which liquifactive necrosis occur?
Brain

Pancreas
Chocolate cyst in ovary =
Endometriosis - proliferation of both glands and stroma
What are 4 main pathologies where psammoma bodies are present?
Papillary CA of thyroid

Meningioma

Papillary serious CA of uterus

Mesothelioma from asbestos
The high BP in preeclampsia can result in what type of necrosis in the blood vessels of placenta?
Fibrinoid necrosis
Is pancreatis metastasis osteocytic or osteoblastic?
Osteoblastic = increased serum alkaline phosphatase
What are two common causes of hyaline arteriolosclerosis?
Hypertension

Diabetes
Bilateral Bell's palsy =
Guillan Barre

Lyme's dz
What dz is characterized by having Heinz bodies & bite cells?
Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency - b/c of low NADPH
What are the 3 major enzymes that requires the "Tender Loving Care For Nancy" cofactors?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase -

Alpha-keto gluterate dehydrogenase complex

Branched chain alpha ketoacid dehydrogenase
Bilateral Hilar lymphadenopathy = ?
Sarcoidosis
Muddy brown casts =
Acute tubular necrosis - recovery is mediated by tubular re-epithelization
What diuretic is unique in that it stimulates PGE release = afferent dilation?
Furosemide (Ethacrynic acid)
Non casseating granuloma (means has no necrosis) + unable to chew crackers and dry eyes =
Sarcoidosis