Fa Embryology Cards

Front 1

Trace the name of the fertilized egg through the first week embryogenesis.

Back 1

Fertilization, Zygote, Morula, Blastocyst

Front 2

What is the name for the embryo at the time of implantation into the uterine wall?

Back 2

Blastocyst

Front 3

What are the developmental milestones for the 2nd week of embryogenesis?

Back 3

2 germ layers (bilaminar disk); 2 cavities (amniotic cavity, yolk sac); 2components to the placenta (cytotrophoblast, syncytiotrophoblast)

Front 4

What are the developmental milestones for the 3rd week of embryogenesis?

Back 4

3 germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm

Front 5

In what weeks is the neural tube formed?

Back 5

Weeks 3-8

Front 6

In what weeks is the embryo most susceptible to teratogens?

Back 6

Weeks 3-8

Front 7

in what week does the heart begin to beat?

Back 7

Week 4

Front 8

When does fetal movement begin?

Back 8

Week 8

Front 9

When does a fetus bein to look like a baby?

Back 9

Week 8

Front 10

When doe male/female genital characteristics begin to form in the fetus?

Back 10

Week 10

Front 11

What is the progression of the development of the neural tube in the fetus?

Back 11

Day 18: Neural plate atop of notochord; Days 18-20:neural plate rounds up to neural crest; Days 20-21: neural crest joins at the top to form neural tube with surrounding neural crest cells

Front 12

What are some of the embryologic derivatives of the surface ectoderm?

Back 12

Adenohypophysis, lens of the eye, epithelial linings of the skin, ear, eye and nose, epidermis

Front 13

What are some of the embryologic derivatives of the neuroectoderm?

Back 13

neurohypophysis, CNS neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, pineal gland

Front 14

What are some of the embryologic derivatives of the Neural crest?

Back 14

ANS, DRG, cranial nerves, melanocytes, chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, Schwann cells, parafollicular cells of thyroid, bones of skull

Front 15

What are some of the embryologic derivatives of the Endoderm?

Back 15

Gut tube epithelium and its derivatives (lungs, liver, pancreas, thymus, parathyroid, thyroid follicular cells)

Front 16

What are some of the embryologic derivatives of the Notochord?

Back 16

nucleus polpsus of the intervertebral disk

Front 17

What are some of the embryologic derivatives of the Mesoderm?

Back 17

dura mater, connective tissue, muscle, bone, CV structures, lymph, blood, spleen, kidneys

Front 18

What are the top 7 congenital malformations?

Back 18

Heart defects, hypospadias, cleft lip, congenital hip dislocation, spina bifida, anencephaly, pyloric stenosis

Front 19

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: alcohol

Back 19

birth defects and mental retardation; fetal alcohol syndrome

Front 20

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: ACE Inhibitor

Back 20

renal damage

Front 21

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: Cocaine

Back 21

abnl fetal development and fetal addiction

Front 22

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: Diethylstilbestrol (DES)

Back 22

Vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma

Front 23

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: Iodide

Back 23

congenital goiter or hypothyroidism

Front 24

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: 13-cis-retinoic acid

Back 24

extemely high risk for birth defects

Front 25

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: Thalidomide

Back 25

limb defects ("flipper" limbs)

Front 26

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: tobacco

Back 26

preterm labor, placental problems, ADHD

Front 27

For the following teratogen state the effects on the fetus: warfrin, x-rays, anticonvulsants

Back 27

multiple anomalies

Front 28

What structures are shared/separate in the case of monozygotic twins?

Back 28

Share 1 chorion, 1 placenta; 2 amniotic sacs

Front 29

What structures are shared/separate in the case of dizygotic twins?

Back 29

2 of everything: amniotic sacs, placental, chorions (some monozygotes can do this too)

Front 30

Which umbilical vessel supplies oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus?

Back 30

The umbilical vein

Front 31

For the following caridio embryonic structure state the neonatal structure to which is gives rise: truncus arteriosus

Back 31

Ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk

Front 32

For the following caridio embryonic structure state the neonatal structure to which is gives rise: Bulbus cordis

Back 32

smooth parts of the L and R ventricle

Front 33

For the following caridio embryonic structure state the neonatal structure to which is gives rise: Primitive ventricle

Back 33

trabeculated parts of the L and R ventricle

Front 34

For the following caridio embryonic structure state the neonatal structure to which is gives rise: Primitive atria

Back 34

trabeculated L and R aorta

Front 35

For the following caridio embryonic structure state the neonatal structure to which is gives rise: Left horn of the sinus venosus (SV)

Back 35

coronoary sinus

Front 36

For the following caridio embryonic structure state the neonatal structure to which is gives rise: Right horn of the sinus venosus (SV)

Back 36

smooth part of the R atrium

Front 37

For the following caridio embryonic structure state the neonatal structure to which is gives rise: R common cardinal vein and R anterior cardinal vein

Back 37

SVC

Front 38

What are the four organs that engage in fetal erythropiesis?

Back 38

Yolk sac, Liver, Spleen, Bone Marrow

Front 39

At what age of fetal development does erythropoiesis occur in the yolk sac?

Back 39

3-8 weeks

Front 40

At what age of fetal development does erythropoiesis occur in the liver?

Back 40

6-30 weeks

Front 41

At what age of fetal development does erythropoiesis occur in the spleen?

Back 41

9-28 weeks

Front 42

At what age of fetal development does erythropoiesis occur in the bone marrow?

Back 42

28 weeks onward

Front 43

What is the O2 saturation of blood in the umbilical vein?

Back 43

80%

Front 44

What are the 3 important shunts in fetal circulation?

Back 44

Foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus, ductus venosus

Front 45

What is the function of the foramen ovale?

Back 45

to shunt oxygenated blood from the IVC through the aorta and to the head

Front 46

What is the function of theductus arteriosus?

Back 46

deoxgenated blood from SVC to the lower body of the fetus

Front 47

What is the function of the ductus venosus?

Back 47

blood from the umbilical vein to the IVC

Front 48

What happens physiologically once an infant takes their first breath at birth?

Back 48

pulmonary vasculature resistance decreases -> increase in L atrial pressure vs. R atrial pressure; foramen ovale closes; increased O2 -> decreased prostaglandins -> ductus arteriosus closes

Front 49

What drug can be used to close a PDA? Keep a PDA open?

Back 49

Indomethacin to close the PDA; prostaglandins to keep a PDA open

Front 50

For the following fetal circulation structure state the postnatal derivative: umbilical vein

Back 50

ligamentum teres hepatis

Front 51

For the following fetal circulation structure state the postnatal derivative: umbilical arteries

Back 51

medial umbilical ligaments

Front 52

For the following fetal circulation structure state the postnatal derivative: ductus arteriosus

Back 52

ligamentum arteriosus

Front 53

For the following fetal circulation structure state the postnatal derivative: ductus venosus

Back 53

ligamentum venosum

Front 54

For the following fetal circulation structure state the postnatal derivative: foramen ovale

Back 54

fossa ovalis

Front 55

For the following fetal circulation structure state the postnatal derivative: Allantois

Back 55

urachus -> median umbilical ligament

Front 56

For the following fetal circulation structure state the postnatal derivative: notochord

Back 56

nucleus pulposus of intervertebral disk

Front 57

For the following arotic arch state the postnatal derivative: 1st

Back 57

part of the Maxillary artery

Front 58

For the following arotic arch state the postnatal derivative: 2nd

Back 58

Stapedial artery and hyoid artery

Front 59

For the following arotic arch state the postnatal derivative: 3rd

Back 59

common carotid artery and proximal part of internal cartoid artery

Front 60

For the following arotic arch state the postnatal derivative: 4th

Back 60

on left, aortic arch; on right, proximal part of the R subclavian artery

Front 61

For the following arotic arch state the postnatal derivative: 6th

Back 61

proximal part of pulmonary arteries and ductus arteriosus (on L)

Front 62

What are the three components of the branchial apparatus?

Back 62

Clefts, arches and pouches

Front 63

What is another name for the branchial apparatus?

Back 63

pharyngeal apparatus

Front 64

The branchial clefts are dervided from what embryological cell type?

Back 64

ectoderm

Front 65

What is another name for branchial clefts?

Back 65

grooves

Front 66

The branchial arches are dervided from what embryological cell type?

Back 66

mesoderm

Front 67

The branchial pouches are dervided from what embryological cell type?

Back 67

endoderm

Front 68

What are the main derivatives of Branchial arch 1?

Back 68

Meckel's cartilage (mandible, malleus); muscles of masticaltion, mylohyoid; CN V2 and CN V3

Front 69

What are the main derivatives of Branchial arch 2?

Back 69

Reichert's cartilage (stapes, styloid process); muscles of facial expression, Stapedius, Stylohyoid; CN VII

Front 70

What are the main derivatives of Branchial arch 3?

Back 70

Greater horn of the hyoid, stylopharyngeus muscle; CN IX

Front 71

What are the main derivatives of Branchial arch 4?

Back 71

most pharyngeal constrictors, cricothyroid m., levator veli palatini m.; post 1/3 of tongue; superior laryngeal branch of CN X

Front 72

What are the main derivatives of Branchial arch 6?

Back 72

all intrinsic muscles of the larynx except cricothyroid; recurrent laryngeal of CN X

Front 73

Which nerve(s) innervate branchial arch 1?

Back 73

CN V2 and V3

Front 74

Which nerve(s) innervate branchial arch 2?

Back 74

CN VII

Front 75

Which nerve(s) innervate branchial arch 3?

Back 75

CN IX

Front 76

Which nerve(s) innervate branchial arch 4 and 6?

Back 76

CN X

Front 77

which branchial arch makes no major developmental contributions?

Back 77

Arch 5

Front 78

Which branchial arch forms the anterior 2/3 of tongue?

Back 78

Arch 1

Front 79

Which branchial arch(es) form the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Back 79

Arches 3 and 4

Front 80

Motor innervation of the tongue is via which nerve?

Back 80

CN XII

Front 81

Which CNs provide taste to the tongue?

Back 81

VII, IX, X (solitary nucleus)

Front 82

Which CNs provide pain to the tongue?

Back 82

CN V3, IX, X

Front 83

The 1st branchial arch develops into which bones and muscles of the ear?

Back 83

Bones: malleus/incus Muscles: Tensor tympani

Front 84

The 2nd branchial arch develops into which bones and muscles of the ear?

Back 84

Bones: Stapes Muscles: stapedius

Front 85

The middle ear cavity, eustachian tube and mastoid air cells are derived from which branchial pouch?

Back 85

1st pouch

Front 86

The epithelial lining of the palatine tonsil are derived from which branchial pouch?

Back 86

2nd pouch

Front 87

The inferior parathyroids are derived from which branchial pouch?

Back 87

the dorsal wings of the 3rd pouch

Front 88

The thymus is derived from which branchial pouch?

Back 88

the ventral wings of the 3rd pouch

Front 89

The superior parathyroids are derived from which branchial pouch?

Back 89

4th pouch

Front 90

Aberrant development of the 3rd and 4th pouches leads to what syndrome?

Back 90

DiGeorge (T-cell deficiency, hypocalcemia (failure of parathyroid development)

Front 91

Where is the most common site of ectopic thyroid tissue?

Back 91

Tongue (thyroid dysgenesis)

Front 92

What causes a cleft lip?

Back 92

Failure of fusion of the maxillary and ledial nasal processes

Front 93

What causes a cleft palate?

Back 93

failure of fusion of the lateral palatine processes, the nasal septum and/or the median palatine process

Front 94

Which 4 structures form the diaphragm?

Back 94

Septum transversum, Pleuroperitoneal folds, Body wall, Dorsal mesentery of esophagus

Front 95

Which nerves innervate the diaphragm?

Back 95

C3-C5

Front 96

The pancreas is derived from which embryological structure?

Back 96

foregut

Front 97

The spleen arises from which embryological structure?

Back 97

mesentery but is supplied by artery of forgut

Front 98

Which segment of the GI tract is derived from the foregut?

Back 98

pharynx to duodenum

Front 99

Which segment of the GI tract is derived from the midgut?

Back 99

duodenum to transverse colon

Front 100

Which segment of the GI tract is derived from the hindgut?

Back 100

distal transverse colon to rectum

Front 101

What are the 3 embryologic structures of the kidney and when do they develop?

Back 101

Pronephros (week 4), Mesonephros (1st trimester), Metanephros (permanent)

Front 102

The mesonephric (wolffian) duct develops into which strucutres?

Back 102

seminal vesicles, epididymis, ejaculatory duct and ductus deferens

Front 103

The paramesonephric (mullerian) duct develops into which structures?

Back 103

fallopian tube, uterus, part of the vagina

Front 104

Mullerian inhibitor substance is secreted by what organ to suppress development of the paramesonephric duct in males?

Back 104

testes

Front 105

For the following embryologic structure give the male and female gential homologue: genital tubercle

Back 105

Male: glans penis Female: Glans clitoris

Front 106

For the following embryologic structure give the male and female gential homologue: urogenital sinus

Back 106

M: corpus spongiosum, prostate, Cowper gland F: vestibular bulbs, vestibular glands, urethral and paraurethral glands

Front 107

For the following embryologic structure give the male and female gential homologue: urogenital folds

Back 107

M: ventral shaft of penis F: labia minora

Front 108

For the following embryologic structure give the male and female gential homologue: Labioscrotal swelling

Back 108

M: scrotum F: labia majora