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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Case Control Study
1. asks what? 2. measures? 3. type? |
1. what happened?
2. odds ratio- compare group with and group without 3. observational and retrospective |
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Cohort Study
1. asks what? 2. measures? 3. type? |
1. what will happen?
2. relative risk- compare group with risk factor to group without risk facor 3. observational and prospective |
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Cross-Sectional Study
1. asks what? 2. measures? 3. type? |
1. what is happening?
2. disease prevalence- frequency of disease at point in time 3. observational |
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Twin Concordance Study
1. measures |
1. heritability
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Adoption Study
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measures heritability and influence of environmental factors
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Clinical Trial
1. highest quality study when |
1. randomized, controlled, and double-blind
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Clinical trial
1. phase 1 2. phase 2 3. phase 3 |
1. small number of healthy- safety, toxicity, and pharmokinetics
2. small number with disease- efficacy, dosing, and AE 3. large number with disease- new versus old |
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what is meta analysis?
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pooling data from several studies to come to overall conclusion
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sensitivity
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TP/(TP+FN)
-SNOUT= SeNsitivity rules OUT |
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specificity
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TN/(FP+TN)
-SPIN= SPecificity rules IN |
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PPV
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TP/(TP+FP)
-probability that person actually has the disease given a pos. test result |
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NPV
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TN/(TN+FN)
-probabilty that person actually is disease free given a neg. test result |
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point prevalence
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total cases in pop. at given time/ totat pop. at risk
=incidence x disease duration -chronic diseases |
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incidence
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new cases/ total pop. at risk
-Incidence is new incidents -acute diseases |
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Odds ratio
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-case control studies
-ad/bc |
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relative risk
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-cohort studies
-a/(a+b)//c(c+d) |
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attributable risk
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a/(a+b)-c(c+d)
difference in risk between exposed and unexposed |
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precision
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reliability- consistency and reproducibilty of a test
absence of random variation in test |
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accuracy
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trueness of test measurements
-validity |
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random error
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reduced precision in a test
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systematic error
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reduced accuracy in a test
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