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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is associated with an epispadias? ...
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Exstrophy of the bladder
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What is Meckel's diverticulum? ...
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Persistence of the vitelline duct or yolk sac
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What is oligohydramnios associated with? ...
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Bilateral renal agenesis or posterior urethral valves (in males)
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What is oligohydramnios? ...
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< 0.5 L of amniotic fluid
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What is polyhydramnios associated with? ...
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Esophageal/duodenal atresia, anencephaly
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What is polyhydramnios? ...
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> 1.5-2 L of amniotic fluid
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What is Potter's syndrome? ...
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Bilateral renal agenesis, that results in ologohydramnios causing limb and facial deformities and pulmonary hypoplasia (Babies with Potter's can’t pee in utero)
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What is the acrosome of sperm derived from? ...
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Golgi apparatus
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What is the female homologue to the corpus spongiosum in the male? ...
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Vestibular bulbs
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What is the female homologue to the prostate gland in the male? ...
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Urethral and paraurethral glands (of Skene)
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What is the female homologue to the scrotum in the male? ...
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Labia majora
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What is the female homologue to the ventral shaft of the penis in the male? ...
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Labia minora
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What is the flagellum (tail) derived from? ...
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One of the centrioles
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What is the food supply of sperm? ...
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Fructose
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What is the male homologue to the glans clitoris in the female? ...
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Glans Penis
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What is the male homologue to the greater vestibular glands (of Bartholin) in the female? ...
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Bulbourethral glands (of Cowper)
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What is the most common congenital anomaly of the GI tract?
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Meckel's Diverticulum
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What is the most common ectopic thyroid tissue site? ...
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The Tounge
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What is the normal remnant of the thyroglossal duct?
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Foramen cecum
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What is the postnatal derivative of the notochord? ...
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The nucleus pulposus of the intervertebral disc
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What is the site of T-cell maturation? ...
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Thymus
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What part of the gut is the pancreas derived? ...
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Foregut
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What suppresses the development of the paramesonephric ducts in males? ...
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Mullerian inhibiting substance (secreted by the testes)
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What teratogenic agent causes limb defects ('flipper' limbs)? ...
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Thalidomide
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What three structures does the 3rd pharyngeal pouch develop into? ...
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- Thymus - Left inferior parathyroid - Right inferior parathyroid
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What three things does the 1st pharyngeal pouch develop into? ...
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- Middle ear cavity - Eustachian tube - Mastoid air cells
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What three things does the paramesonephric (mullerian) duct develop into? ...
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Fallopian tube - Uterus - Part of the vagina
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What three things does the ventral pancreatic bud become?
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- Pancreatic head - uncinate process - main pancreatic duct
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What two things occur during week 4 of fetal development? ...
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Heart begins to beat, upper and lower limb buds begin to form
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What type of bone formation is spontaneous without preexisting cartilage? ...
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Intramembranous
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What type of twins would have 1 placenta, 2 amniotic sacs, and 1 chorion? ...
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Monozygotic twins
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What type of twins would have 2 amniotic sacs and 2 placentas? ...
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Monozygotic or dizygotic twins
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What will DiGeorge's syndrome lead to? ...
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T cell deficiency & hypocalcemia
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When do primary oocytes begin meiosis I? ...
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During fetal life
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When do primary oocytes complete meiosis I? ...
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Just prior to ovulation
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When does fetal erythropoiesis occur in the bone marrow? ...
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Week 28 and onward
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When does fetal erythropoiesis occur in the liver? ...
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Weeks 6-30
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When does fetal erythropoiesis occur in the spleen? ...
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Weeks 9-28
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When does organogenesis occur in the fetus? ...
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Weeks 3-8
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Where does positive and negative selection occur in the thymus? ...
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At the corticomedullary junction
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Where does spermatogenesis take place? ...
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Seminferous tubules
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Where is the first place fetal erythropoiesis occurs and when does this take place? ...
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Yolk sac (3-8 wk)
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Which aortic arch does the stapedial artery and the hyoid artery come from? ...
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2nd aortic arch
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Which branchial arch are the greater horn of hyoid and the stylopharyngeus muscle derived from? ...
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3rd branchial arch
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Which branchial arch does Meckel's cartilage develop from? ...
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1st arch
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Which branchial arch forms the anterior 2/3 of the tongue? ...
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1st arch
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Which branchial arch forms the incus and malleus of the ear? ...
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1st arch
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Which ear bone(s) does the 2nd branchial arch form? ...
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Stapes
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Which embryonic tissue are branchial clefts derived from? ...
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Ectoderm
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Which embryonic tissue are branchial pouches derived from? ...
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Endoderm
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Which is more common a hypospadias or epispadias? ...
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Hypospadias
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Which muscles (3) are derivatives of the 4th branchial arch? ...
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- Most pharyngeal constrictors - Cricothyroid - Levator veli palatini
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Which muscles (4) are derivatives of the 2nd branchial arch? ...
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- Muscles of facial expression - Stapedius - Stylohyoid - Posterior belly of digastric
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Which muscles (8) are derivatives of the 1st branchial arch? ...
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- Temporalis - Masseter - Lateral pterygoid - Medial pterygoid - Mylohyoid - Anterior belly of digastric - Tensor tympani - Tensor veli palatini
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Which muscles are derivatives of the 6th branchial arch? ...
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All intrinsic muscles of the larynx, except the cricothyroid
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Which pharyngeal arch does Reichert's cartilage develop from? ...
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2nd arch
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Which teratogenic agent causes vaginal clear cell adenocarcinoma? ...
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DES
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Which two branchial arches form the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? ...
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3rd and 4th arches
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Which two embryonic tissues are branchial arches derived from? ...
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Mesoderm and neural crests
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Which week of fetal development have the genitalia taken on male/female characteristics? ...
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Week 10
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A common football injury caused by clipping from the lateral side will damage what structures (3 answers)? ...
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--Medial collateral ligament --Medial meniscus --Anterior cruciate ligament
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A lumbar puncture is performed at what landmark? ...
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Iliac crest
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A positive anterior drawer sign indicates damage to what structure? ...
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Anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)
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A pudendal nerve block is performed at what landmark? ...
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Ischial spine
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Abnormal passive abduction of the knee indicates damage to what structure? ...
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Medial collateral ligament(MCL)
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'Anterior' in ACL refers to what attachment? ...
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Tibial
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At what level is a lumbar puncture performed? ...
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Between L3-L4 or L4-L5
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Common peroneal nerve damage manifests what deficit? ...
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Loss of dorsiflexion(Foot Drop)
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Common peroneal, Tibial, Femoral, and Obturator nerves arise from what spinal cord segments (4 answers)? ...
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--'L4-S2 (common peroneal) --L4-S3 (tibial) --L2-L4 (femoral) and (obturator)
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Coronary artery occlusion usually occurs where? ...
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Left anterior descending artery (LAD)
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Do the coronary arteries fill during systole or diastole? ...
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Diastole
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Erection and sensation of the penis is in what dermatomes? ...
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S2,3,4 penis off the floor
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Femoral nerve damage manifests what deficit? ...
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Loss of knee jerk
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How does the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve differ from that of the right? ...
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The left wraps around the arch of the aorta and the ligamentum arteriosum while the right wraps around the subclavian artery.
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How is the appendix located? ...
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2/3 of the way from the umbilicus to the anterior superior iliac spine
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How many lobes are in the right and left lungs and what are their names? ...
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--Right has three (superior,middle,inferior) --Left has two (superior and inferior) and the lingula
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Name five portal-systemic anastomoses. ...
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1.Left gastric-azygous vv. 2.Superior-Middle/Inferior rectal vv. 3.Paraumbilical-inferior epigastric 4.Retroperitoneal-renal vv. 5.Retroperitoneal-paravertebral vv.
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Name the 4 ligaments of the uterus. ...
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--Suspensory ligament of ovaries --Transverse cervical (cardinal) ligament --Round ligament of uterus --Broad ligament
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Name the hypothenar muscles. ...
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--Opponens digiti minimi --Abductor digiti minimi --Flexor digiti minimi
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Name the retroperitoneal structures (9). ...
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1.Duodenum(2nd-4th parts) 2.Descending colon 3.Ascending colon 4.Kidney & ureters 5.Pancreas 6.Aorta 7.Inferior vena cava 8.Adrenal glands 9.Rectum
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Name the rotator cuff muscles. ...
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--Supraspinatus --Infraspinatus --teres minor --Subscapularis
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Name the thenar muscles ...
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--Opponens pollicis --Abductor pollicis brevis --Flexor pollicis brevis
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Obturator nerve damage manifests what deficit? ...
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Loss of hip adduction
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Pain from the diaphragm is usually referred where? ...
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Shoulder
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Subarachnoid space extends to what spinal level? ...
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S2
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The area of the body that contains the appendix is known as what? ...
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McBurney's point
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The femoral triangle contains what structures from lateral to medial? ...
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--Femoral nerve --Femoral artery --Femoral vein --Femoral Canal (lymphatics)
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The inguinal ligament exists in what dermatome?
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L1
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The kneecaps exist in what dermatome? ...
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L4
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The male sexual response of ejaculation is mediated by what part of the nervous system? ...
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Visceral and somatic nerves
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The male sexual response of emission is mediated by what part of the nervous system? ...
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Sympathetic nervous system
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The male sexual response of erection is mediated by what part of the nervous system? ...
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Parasympathetic nervous system
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The nipple exists in what dermatome? ...
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T4
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The recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from what cranial nerve and supplies what muscles?
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1.CN X 2.All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle
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The SA and AV nodes are usually supplied by what artery? ...
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Right Coronary Artery (RCA)
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The spinal cord ends at what level in adults? ...
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L1-L2
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The umbilicus exists in what dermatome? ...
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T10
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The xiphoid process exists in what dermatome? ...
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T7
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Tibial nerve damage manifests what deficit? ...
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Loss of plantar flexion
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What are hernias? ...
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Protrusions of peritoneum through an opening, usually sites of weakness.
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