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421 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray -- CF
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Ankylosing spondylitis
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"Blue bloater" -- CF
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Chronic bronchitis
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"Brown tumor" of bone -- CF
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Hemorrhage causes brown color of osteolytic cysts: 1. Hyperparathyroidism; 2. Osteitis fibrosa cystica (von Recklinghausen's disease)
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"Chocolate cysts" -- CF
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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"Lumpy-bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence -- CF
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Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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"Machine-like" murmur -- MF cause
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PDA
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"Orphan Annie" nuclei -- CF
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Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid
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"Pink puffer" -- CF
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Emphysema (centroacinar [smoking], panacinar [α1-antitrypsin deficiency])
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"Smudge cell" -- CF
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CLL
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"Strawberry tongue" -- CF
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Scarlet fever
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"Tram-track" appearance on LM -- CF
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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"Wire loop" appearance on LM -- CF
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Lupus nephropathy
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"Worst headache of my life" -- CF
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Berry aneurysm--associated with adult polycystic kidney disease
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Actinic keratosis -- CF
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Often precedes squamous cell carcinoma
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Addison's -- MF cause
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Autoimmune (infection is the 2nd most common cause)
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Addison's disease -- CF
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1° adrenocortical deficiency
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Albright's syndrome -- CF
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Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, café-au-lait spots, short stature, young girls
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Albuminocytologic dissociation -- CF
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Guillain-Barré (incr protein in CSF with only modest incr in cell count)
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Alport's syndrome -- CF
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Hereditary nephritis with nerve deafness
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Aneurysm, dissecting -- MF cause
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Hypertension
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Anti-basement membrane antibodies -- CF
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Anticentromere antibodies -- CF
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (ANA antibodies) -- CF
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Anti-epithelial cell antibodies -- CF
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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Antigliadin antibodies -- CF
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Celiac disease
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Antihistone antibodies -- CF
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Drug-induced SLE
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Anti-IgG antibodies -- CF
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Antimitochondrial antibodies -- CF
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1° biliary cirrhosis
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Antineutrophil antibodies -- CF
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Vasculitis
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Antiplatelet antibodies -- CF
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
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Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta -- MF cause
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Atherosclerosis
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Aortic aneurysm, ascending -- MF cause
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3° syphilis
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Arachnodactyly -- CF
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Marfan's syndrome
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Argyll Robertson pupil -- CF
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Neurosyphilis
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Arnold-Chiari malformation -- CF
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Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
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Aschoff bodies -- CF
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Rheumatic fever
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Atrophy of the mammillary bodies -- CF
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Wernicke's encephalopathy
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Auer rods -- CF
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Acute myelogenous leukemia (especially the promyelocytic type)
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Autosplenectomy -- CF
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Sickle cell anemia
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Babinski's sign -- CF
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UMN lesion
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Bacteremia/pneumonia (IVDA) -- MC
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S. aureus
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Bacteria associated with cancer -- MC
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H. pylori
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Bacteria found in GI tract -- MC
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Bacteroides (2nd most common is E. coli )
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Bacterial meningitis (adults) -- MF cause
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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Bacterial meningitis (elderly) -- MF cause
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S. pneumoniae
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Bacterial meningitis (kids) -- MF cause
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S. pneumoniae or Neisseria meningitidis
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Bacterial meningitis (newborns) -- MF cause
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Group B streptococcus
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Baker's cyst in popliteal fossa -- CF
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Bartter's syndrome -- CF
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Hyperreninemia
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Basophilic stippling of RBCs -- CF
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Lead poisoning
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Becker's muscular dystrophy -- CF
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Defective dystrophin; less severe than Duchenne's
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Bell's palsy -- CF
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LMN CN VII palsy
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Bence Jones proteins -- CF
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Multiple myeloma (kappa or lambda Ig light chains in urine), Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (IgM)
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Berger's disease -- CF
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IgA nephropathy
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Bernard-Soulier disease -- CF
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Defect in platelet adhesion
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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis -- CF
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Sarcoidosis
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Birbeck granules on EM -- CF
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Histiocytosis X (eosinophilic granuloma)
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Bloody tap on LP -- CF
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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Blue sclera -- CF
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Osteogenesis imperfecta
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Blue-domed cysts -- CF
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Boot-shaped heart on x-ray -- CF
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Tetralogy of Fallot; RVH
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Bouchard's nodes -- CF
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Osteoarthritis (PIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
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Boutonnière deformity -- CF
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Rheumatoid arthritis
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Brain tumor (adults) -- MC
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Mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma
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Brain tumor (kids) -- MC
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Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
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Brain tumor--supratentorial (kids) -- MC
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Craniopharyngioma
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Branching rods in oral infection -- CF
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Actinomyces israelii
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Breast cancer -- MC
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Infiltrating ductal carcinoma (in the United States, 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer)
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Breast mass -- MC
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Fibrocystic change (in postmenopausal women, carcinoma is the most common)
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Breast tumor (benign) -- MC
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Fibroadenoma
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Bruton's disease -- CF
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X-linked agammaglobulinemia
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Budd-Chiari syndrome -- CF
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Posthepatic venous thrombosis
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Buerger's disease -- CF
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Small/medium-artery vasculitis
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Bug in debilitated, hospitalized pneumonia patient -- MC
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Klebsiella
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Burkitt's lymphoma -- CF
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t8:14; associated with EBV; "starry sky" appearance on histology
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Burton's lines -- CF
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Lead poisoning
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Café-au-lait spots on skin -- CF
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Neurofibromatosis
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Caisson disease -- CF
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Gas emboli
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Calf pseudohypertrophy -- CF
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy
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Call-Exner bodies -- CF
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Granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary
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c-ANCA, p-ANCA -- CF
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Wegener's granulomatosis, microscopic polyangiitis
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Cancer associated with AIDS -- MF cause
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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Cardiac 1° tumor (adults) -- MC
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Myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")
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Cardiac 1° tumor (kids) -- MC
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Rhabdomyoma
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Cardiac tumor (adults) -- MC
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Mets
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy -- CF
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Chagas' disease
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Cardiomyopathy -- MC
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Dilated cardiomyopathy
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Cerebriform nuclei -- CF
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Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma)
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Chagas' disease -- CF
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Trypanosome infection
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Chancre -- CF
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1° syphilis (not painful)
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Chancroid -- CF
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Haemophilus ducreyi (painful)
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Charcot's triad -- CF
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Multiple sclerosis (nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech), cholangitis (jaundice, RUQ pain, fever)
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Charcot-Leyden crystals -- CF
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Bronchial asthma (eosinophil membranes)
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Chédiak-Higashi disease -- CF
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Phagocyte deficiency
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Cherry-red spot on macula -- CF
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Tay-Sachs, Niemann-Pick disease, central retinal artery occlusion
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Cheyne-Stokes -- CF
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respirations Central apnea in CHF and incr intracranial pressure
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Chromosomal disorder -- MC
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Down syndrome (associated with ALL, Alzheimer's dementia, and endocardial cushion defects)
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Chronic arrhythmia -- MC
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Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)
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Chronic atrophic gastritis -- CF
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Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
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Chvostek's sign -- CF
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Hypocalcemia (facial muscle spasm upon tapping)
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Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina -- CF
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DES exposure in utero
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Clue cells -- CF
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Gardnerella vaginitis
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Codman's triangle on x-ray -- CF
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Osteosarcoma
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Cold agglutinins -- CF
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleosis
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Cold intolerance -- CF
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Hypothyroidism
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Condylomata lata -- CF
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2° syphilis
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Congenital adrenal hyperplasia -- MF cause
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21-hydroxylase deficiency
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Congenital cardiac anomaly -- MC
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VSD
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Constrictive pericarditis -- MC
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Tuberculosis
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Continuous machinery murmur -- CF
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Patent ductus arteriosus
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Cori's disease -- CF
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Debranching enzyme deficiency
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Coronary artery involved in thrombosis -- MC
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LAD > RCA > LCA
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Cotton-wool spots -- CF
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Chronic hypertension
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Cough, conjunctivitis, coryza + fever -- CF
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Measles
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Councilman bodies -- CF
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Toxic or viral hepatitis
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Cowdry type A bodies -- CF
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Herpes virus
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Crescents in Bowman's capsule -- CF
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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Cretinism -- MF cause
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Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism
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Crigler-Najjar syndrome -- CF
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Congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Curling's ulcer -- CF
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns
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Currant-jelly sputum -- CF
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Klebsiella
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Curschmann's spirals -- CF
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Bronchial asthma (whorled mucous plugs)
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Cushing's syndrome -- MF cause
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Corticosteroid therapy (2nd most common cause is excess ACTH secretion by pituitary)
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Cushing's ulcer -- CF
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Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury
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Cyanosis (early; less common) -- MC
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Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus
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Cyanosis (late; more common) -- MC
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VSD, ASD, PDA (close with indomethacin; open with misoprostol)
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D-dimers -- CF
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DIC
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Death in CML -- MF cause
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Blast crisis
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Death in SLE -- MF cause
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Lupus nephropathy
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Dementia -- MF cause
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Alzheimer's (2nd most common is multi-infarct)
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Demyelinating disease -- MC
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Multiple sclerosis
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Depigmentation of neurons substantia nigra -- CF
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in Parkinson's disease (basal ganglia disorder--rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea -- CF
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Pellagra (niacin, vitamin B3 deficiency)
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DIC -- MF cause
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Gram-negative sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burn trauma
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Dietary deficit -- MC
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Iron
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Dog or cat bite -- CF
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Pasteurella multocida
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Donovan bodies -- CF
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Granuloma inguinale
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Dressler's syndrome -- CF
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Post-MI fibrinous pericarditis
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Dubin-Johnson syndrome -- CF
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Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)
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Duchenne's muscular dystrophy -- CF
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Deleted dystrophin gene (X-linked recessive)
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Eburnation -- CF
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Osteoarthritis (polished, ivory-like appearance of bone)
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Edwards' syndrome -- CF
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Trisomy 18 associated with rocker-bottom feet, low-set ears, heart disease
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Eisenmenger's complex -- CF
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Late cyanosis shunt (uncorrected L -> R shunt becomes R -> L shunt)
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Ejection click -- MF cause
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Aortic/pulmonic stenosis
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Elastic skin -- CF
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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
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Epiglottitis -- MC
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Haemophilus influenzae type B
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Erb-Duchenne palsy -- CF
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Superior trunk (C5-C6) brachial plexus injury ("waiter's tip")
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Erythema chronicum migrans -- CF
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Lyme disease
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Esophageal cancer -- MC
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Fanconi's syndrome -- CF
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Proximal tubular reabsorption defect
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Fat, female, forty, and fertile -- CF
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Acute cholecystitis
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Fatty liver -- CF
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Alcoholism
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Ferruginous bodies -- CF
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Asbestosis
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Food poisoning -- MF cause
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S. aureus
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Gardner's syndrome -- CF
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Colon polyps with osteomas and soft tissue tumors
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Gaucher's disease -- CF
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Glucocerebrosidase deficiency
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Gene involved in cancer -- MC
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p53 tumor suppressor gene
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Ghon focus -- CF
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1° TB
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Gilbert's syndrome -- CF
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Benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
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Glanzmann's thrombasthenia -- CF
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Defect in platelet aggregation
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Glomerulonephritis (adults) -- MF cause
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IgA nephropathy (Berger's disease)
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Goodpasture's syndrome -- CF
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Autoantibodies against alveolar and glomerular basement membrane proteins
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Gowers' maneuver -- CF
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Duchenne's (use of patient's arms to help legs pick self off the floor)
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Group affected by cystic fibrosis -- MC
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Caucasians (fat-soluble vitamin deficiencies, mucous plugs/lung infections)
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Guillain-Barré syndrome -- CF
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Idiopathic polyneuritis
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Gynecologic malignancy -- MC
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Endometrial carcinoma
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Hair-on-end (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray -- CF
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B-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (extramedullary hematopoiesis)
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Diabetes insipidus + exophthalmos + lesions of skull -- CF
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Hand-Schüller-christian disease
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Hand-Schüller-christian disease -- CF
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Chronic progressive histiocytosis
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HbF -- CF
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Thalassemia major
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HbS -- CF
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Sickle cell anemia
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hCG elevated -- CF
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Choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
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Heart murmur -- MC
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Mitral valve prolapse
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Heart valve (rheumatic fever) -- MC
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Mitral valve (aortic is 2nd)
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Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis -- MC
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Mitral
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Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis in IVDA -- MC
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Tricuspid
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Heberden's nodes -- CF
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Osteoarthritis (DIP swelling 2° to osteophytes)
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Heinz bodies -- CF
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G6PD deficiency
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Helminth infection (U.S.) -- MC
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Enterobius vermicularis (Ascaris lumbricoides is 2nd most common)
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Hematoma--epidural -- MF cause
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Rupture of middle meningeal artery (arterial bleeding is fast)
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Hematoma--subdural -- MF cause
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Rupture of bridging veins (trauma; venous bleeding is slow)
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Hemochromatosis -- MF cause
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Multiple blood transfusions (can result in CHF and incr risk of hepatocellular carcinoma)
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Henoch-Schönlein purpura -- CF
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Hypersensitivity vasculitis associated with hemorrhagic urticaria and URIs
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Hepatic cirrhosis -- MF cause
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EtOH
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Hepatocellular carcinoma -- MF cause
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Cirrhotic liver (often associated with hepatitis B and C)
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Hereditary bleeding disorder -- MC
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von Willebrand's
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Heterophil antibodies -- CF
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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High-output cardiac failure (dilated cardiomyopathy) -- CF
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Wet beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
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HLA-B27 -- CF
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Reiter's syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis
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HLA-DR3 or -DR4 -- CF
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DM type 1 (caused by autoimmune destruction of B cells)
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Holosystolic murmur -- MF cause
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VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation
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Homer Wright rosettes -- CF
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Neuroblastoma
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Honeycomb lung on x-ray -- CF
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Interstitial fibrosis
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Horner's syndrome -- CF
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Ptosis, miosis, and anhidrosis
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Howell-Jolly bodies -- CF
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Splenectomy (or nonfunctional spleen)
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Huntington's disease -- CF
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Caudate degeneration (autosomal dominant)
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Hyperphagia + hypersexuality + hyperorality + hyperdocility -- CF
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Klüver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
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Hyperpigmentation of skin -- CF
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1° adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)
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Hypersegmented neutrophils -- CF
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Macrocytic anemia
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Hypertension + hypokalemia -- CF
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Conn's syndrome
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Hypertension, 2° -- MF cause
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Renal disease
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Hypochromic microcytosis -- CF
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning
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Hypoparathyroidism -- MF cause
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Thyroidectomy
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Hypopituitarism -- MF cause
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Adenoma
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Increased uric acid levels -- CF
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, myeloproliferative disorders, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Increased α-fetoprotein in amniotic fluid/maternal serum -- CF
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Anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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Infection in blood transfusion -- MF cause
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Hepatitis C
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Infection in burn victims -- MF cause
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Pseudomonas
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Intussusception -- CF
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Adenovirus (causes hyperplasia of Peyer's patches)
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Janeway lesions -- CF
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Endocarditis
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Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction -- CF
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Syphilis--overaggressive treatment of an asymptomatic patient that causes symptoms due to rapid lysis
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Job's syndrome -- CF
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Neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality
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Kaposi's sarcoma -- CF
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AIDS in MSM (men who have sex with men)
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Kartagener's syndrome -- CF
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Dynein defect
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Kayser-Fleischer rings -- CF
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Wilson's disease
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Keratin pearls -- CF
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Kidney stones -- MC
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Calcium = radiopaque (2nd most common is ammonium = radiopaque; formed by urease-positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)
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Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules -- CF
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Diabetic nephropathy
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Klüver-Bucy syndrome -- CF
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Bilateral amygdala lesions
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Koilocytes -- CF
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HPV
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Koplik spots -- CF
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Measles
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Krukenberg tumor -- CF
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Gastric adenocarcinoma with ovarian metastases
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Kussmaul hyperpnea -- CF
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Diabetic ketoacidosis
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Lens dislocation + aortic dissection + joint hyperflexibility -- CF
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Marfan's syndrome (fibrillin deficit)
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome -- CF
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HGPRT deficiency
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Leukemia (adults) -- MF cause
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AML
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Lewy bodies -- CF
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Parkinson's disease
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Libman-Sacks disease -- CF
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Endocarditis associated with SLE
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Lines of Zahn -- CF
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Arterial thrombus
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Lisch nodules -- CF
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Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's disease)
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Liver disease -- MC
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Alcoholic liver disease
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Location of brain tumors (adults) -- MC
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Supratentorial
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Location of brain tumors (kids) -- MC
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Infratentorial
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Low serum ceruloplasmin -- CF
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Wilson's disease
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Lucid interval -- CF
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Epidural hematoma
|
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Lysosomal storage disease -- MC
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Gaucher's disease
|
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Lytic bone lesions on x-ray -- CF
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Multiple myeloma
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Male cancer -- MC
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Prostatic carcinoma
|
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Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever -- MC
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Hodgkin's disease
|
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Malignant skin tumor -- MC
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Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)
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Mallory bodies -- CF
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Alcoholic liver disease
|
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Mallory-Weiss syndrome -- CF
|
Esophagogastric lacerations
|
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McArdle's disease -- CF
|
Muscle phosphorylase deficiency
|
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McBurney's sign -- CF
|
Appendicitis
|
|
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Mental retardation -- MF cause
|
Down syndrome (fragile X is the 2nd most common cause)
|
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Mets to bone -- MC
|
Breast, lung, thyroid, testes, prostate, kidney
|
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Mets to brain -- MC
|
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI
|
|
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Mets to liver -- MC
|
Colon, gastric, pancreatic, breast, and lung carcinomas
|
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MI -- MF cause
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Atherosclerosis
|
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|
Mitral valve stenosis -- MF cause
|
Rheumatic heart disease
|
|
|
MLF syndrome (INO) -- CF
|
Multiple sclerosis
|
|
|
Monoclonal antibody spike -- CF
|
Multiple myeloma (called the M protein; usually IgG or IgA), MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance), Waldenström's (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
|
|
|
Motor neuron disease -- MC
|
ALS
|
|
|
Myocarditis -- MF cause
|
Coxsackie B
|
|
|
Myxedema -- CF
|
Hypothyroidism
|
|
|
Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis -- CF
|
Wegener's and Goodpasture's (hemoptysis and glomerular disease)
|
|
|
Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals -- CF
|
Gout
|
|
|
Negri bodies -- CF
|
Rabies
|
|
|
Neoplasm (kids) -- MC
|
ALL (2nd most common is cerebellar medulloblastoma)
|
|
|
Nephritis + cataracts + hearing loss -- CF
|
Alport's syndrome
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome -- MC
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (adults) -- MF cause
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Nephrotic syndrome (kids) -- MF cause
|
Minimal change disease (associated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)
|
|
|
Neurofibrillary tangles -- CF
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
|
Niemann-Pick disease -- CF
|
Sphingomyelinase deficiency
|
|
|
No lactation postpartum -- CF
|
Sheehan's syndrome (pituitary infarction)
|
|
|
Nutmeg liver -- CF
|
CHF
|
|
|
Obstruction of male urinary tract -- MC
|
BPH
|
|
|
Occupational exposure to asbestos -- CF
|
Malignant mesothelioma
|
|
|
Opening snap -- MF cause
|
Mitral stenosis
|
|
|
Opportunistic infection in AIDS -- MC
|
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
|
|
|
Organ receiving mets -- MC
|
Adrenal glands (due to rich blood supply)
|
|
|
Organ sending mets -- MC
|
Lung > breast, stomach
|
|
|
Osler's nodes -- CF
|
Endocarditis
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis -- MF cause
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis in patients with sickle cell disease -- MF cause
|
Salmonella
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis with IVDA -- MF cause
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
|
Ovarian tumor (benign) -- MC
|
Serous cystadenoma
|
|
|
Ovarian tumor (malignant) -- MC
|
Serous cystadenocarcinoma
|
|
|
Owl's eye -- CF
|
CMV
|
|
|
Painless jaundice -- CF
|
Pancreatic cancer (head)
|
|
|
Palpable purpura on legs and buttocks -- CF
|
Henoch-Schönlein purpura
|
|
|
Pancoast's tumor -- CF
|
Bronchogenic apical tumor associated with Horner's syndrome
|
|
|
Pancreatic tumor -- MC
|
Adenocarcinoma (head of pancreas)
|
|
|
Pancreatitis (acute) -- MF cause
|
EtOH and gallstones
|
|
|
Pancreatitis (chronic) -- MF cause
|
EtOH (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)
|
|
|
Pannus -- CF
|
Rheumatoid arthritis
|
|
|
Parkinson's disease -- CF
|
Nigrostriatal dopamine depletion
|
|
|
Patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML -- MC
|
ALL—child, CLL—adult > 60, AML—adult > 60, CML—adult 35-50
|
|
|
Patient with Hodgkin's -- MC
|
Young male (except nodular sclerosis type--female)
|
|
|
Patient with minimal change disease -- MC
|
Young child
|
|
|
Patient with Reiter's -- MC
|
Male
|
|
|
Peau d'orange -- MF cause
|
Carcinoma of the breast
|
|
|
Periosteal elevation on x-ray -- CF
|
Pyogenic osteomyelitis
|
|
|
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome -- CF
|
Benign polyposis
|
|
|
Peyronie's disease -- CF
|
Penile fibrosis
|
|
|
Philadelphia chromosome (bcr-abl ) -- CF
|
CML (may sometimes be associated with AML)
|
|
|
Pick bodies -- CF
|
Pick's disease
|
|
|
Pick's disease -- CF
|
Progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's
|
|
|
PID -- MF cause
|
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (monoarticular arthritis)
|
|
|
Pituitary tumor -- MC
|
Prolactinoma (2nd--somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma)
|
|
|
Plummer-Vinson syndrome -- CF
|
Esophageal webs with iron deficiency anemia
|
|
|
Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis, burn infection -- MF cause
|
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
|
|
|
Pneumonia, hospital-acquired -- MF cause
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
Podagra -- CF
|
Gout (MP joint of hallux)
|
|
|
Podocyte fusion -- CF
|
Minimal change disease
|
|
|
Polyneuropathy preceded by GI or respiratory infection -- CF
|
Guillain-Barré syndrome
|
|
|
Polyneuropathy, cardiac pathology, and edema -- CF
|
WET beriberi (thiamine, vitamin B1 deficiency)
|
|
|
Pompe's disease -- CF
|
Lysosomal glucosidase deficiency associated with cardiomegaly
|
|
|
Port-wine stain -- CF
|
Hemangioma
|
|
|
Positive anterior "drawer sign" -- CF
|
Anterior cruciate ligament injury
|
|
|
Pott's disease -- CF
|
Vertebral tuberculosis
|
|
|
Preventable blindness -- MF cause
|
Chlamydia
|
|
|
Preventable cancer -- MC
|
Lung cancer
|
|
|
Primary amenorrhea -- MF cause
|
Turner's (XO)
|
|
|
Primary bone tumor (adults) -- MC
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
|
Primary hyperaldosteronism -- MF cause
|
Adenoma of adrenal cortex
|
|
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism -- MC
|
Adenomas (followed by hyperplasia, then carcinoma)
|
|
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism -- MF cause
|
Adenoma
|
|
|
Primary liver tumor -- MC
|
Hepatoma
|
|
|
Pseudopalisade tumor cell arrangement -- CF
|
Glioblastoma multiforme
|
|
|
Pseudorosettes -- CF
|
Ewing's sarcoma
|
|
|
Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis -- CF
|
Horner's syndrome (Pancoast's tumor)
|
|
|
Pulmonary hypertension -- MF cause
|
COPD
|
|
|
Rash on palms and soles -- CF
|
2° syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
|
|
|
Raynaud's syndrome -- CF
|
Recurrent vasospasm in extremities
|
|
|
RBC casts in urine -- CF
|
Acute glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Recurrent pulmonary Pseudomonas and S. aureus infections -- CF
|
Cystic fibrosis
|
|
|
Red urine in the morning -- CF
|
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
|
|
|
Reed-Sternberg cells -- CF
|
Hodgkin's lymphoma
|
|
|
Reid index (increased) -- CF
|
Chronic bronchitis
|
|
|
Reinke crystals -- CF
|
Leydig cell tumor
|
|
|
Reiter's syndrome -- CF
|
Urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis
|
|
|
Renal cell carcinoma + cavernous hemangiomas + adenomas -- CF
|
von Hippel-Lindau disease
|
|
|
Renal epithelial casts in urine -- CF
|
Acute toxic/viral nephrosis
|
|
|
Renal tumor -- MC
|
Renal cell carcinoma--associated with von Hippel-Lindau and acquired polycystic kidney disease; paraneoplastic syndromes (erythropoietin, renin, PTH, ACTH)
|
|
|
Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent -- CF
|
Pseudogout
|
|
|
Rib notching -- CF
|
Coarctation of aorta
|
|
|
Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause -- MF cause
|
Cor pulmonale
|
|
|
Right-sided heart failure -- MF cause
|
Left-sided heart failure
|
|
|
Roth's spots in retina -- CF
|
Endocarditis
|
|
|
Rotor's syndrome -- CF
|
Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia
|
|
|
Rouleaux formation (RBCs) -- CF
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
|
S3 -- CF
|
Left-to-right shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD), mitral regurgitation, LV failure (CHF)
|
|
|
S4 -- CF
|
Aortic stenosis, hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
|
|
|
Schiller-Duval bodies -- CF
|
Yolk sac tumor
|
|
|
Secondary hyperparathyroidism -- MC
|
Hypocalcemia of chronic renal failure
|
|
|
Senile plaques -- CF
|
Alzheimer's disease
|
|
|
Sexually transmitted disease -- MC
|
Chlamydia
|
|
|
Sézary syndrome -- CF
|
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma
|
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome -- CF
|
Postpartum pituitary necrosis
|
|
|
Sheehan's syndrome -- MF cause
|
Postpartum pituitary infarction 2° to hemorrhage
|
|
|
Shwartzman reaction -- CF
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
|
SIADH -- MF cause
|
Small cell carcinoma of the lung
|
|
|
Signet-ring cells -- CF
|
Gastric carcinoma
|
|
|
Simian crease -- CF
|
Down syndrome
|
|
|
Sipple's syndrome -- CF
|
MEN type IIa
|
|
|
Site of diverticula -- MC
|
Sigmoid colon
|
|
|
Site of metastasis -- MC
|
Regional lymph nodes
|
|
|
Site of metastasis (2nd most common) -- MC
|
Liver
|
|
|
Sites of atherosclerosis -- MC
|
Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid
|
|
|
Sjögren's syndrome -- CF
|
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis
|
|
|
Skin cancer -- MC
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Skip lesions -- CF
|
Crohn's
|
|
|
Slapped cheeks -- CF
|
Erythema infectiosum (fifth disease)
|
|
|
Smith antigen -- CF
|
SLE
|
|
|
Soap bubble on x-ray -- CF
|
Giant cell tumor of bone
|
|
|
Spike and dome on EM -- CF
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Spitz nevus -- CF
|
Benign juvenile melanoma
|
|
|
Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails -- CF
|
Endocarditis
|
|
|
Starry-sky pattern -- CF
|
Burkitt's lymphoma
|
|
|
Stomach cancer -- MC
|
Adenocarcinoma
|
|
|
Streaky ovaries -- CF
|
Turner's syndrome
|
|
|
String sign on x-ray -- CF
|
Crohn's disease
|
|
|
Subepithelial humps on EM -- CF
|
Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
Suboccipital lymphadenopathy -- CF
|
Rubella
|
|
|
Sulfur granules -- CF
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
|
Swollen gums, bruising, poor wound healing, anemia -- CF
|
Scurvy (ascorbic acid, vitamin C deficiency)--vitamin C is necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
|
|
|
Systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) -- CF
|
Aortic valve stenosis
|
|
|
t(14;18) -- CF
|
Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)
|
|
|
t(8;14) -- CF
|
Burkitt's lymphoma (c-myc activation)
|
|
|
t(9;22) -- CF
|
Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl hybrid)
|
|
|
Tabes dorsalis -- CF
|
3° syphilis
|
|
|
Tendon xanthomas (classically Achilles) -- CF
|
Familial hypercholesterolemia
|
|
|
Testicular tumor -- MC
|
Seminoma
|
|
|
Thumb sign on lateral x-ray -- CF
|
Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)
|
|
|
Thyroid cancer -- MC
|
Papillary carcinoma
|
|
|
Thyroidization of kidney -- CF
|
Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
|
|
|
Tophi -- CF
|
Gout
|
|
|
Tracheoesophageal fistula -- MC
|
Lower esophagus joins trachea/upper esophagus--blind pouch
|
|
|
Trousseau's sign -- CF
|
Visceral cancer, pancreatic adenocarcinoma (migratory thrombophlebitis), hypocalcemia (carpal spasm)
|
|
|
Tumor in men -- MC
|
Prostate carcinoma
|
|
|
Tumor in women -- MC
|
Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent)
|
|
|
Tumor of infancy -- MC
|
Hemangioma
|
|
|
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults) -- MC
|
Pheochromocytoma (benign)
|
|
|
Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids) -- MC
|
Neuroblastoma (malignant)
|
|
|
Type of Hodgkin's -- MC
|
Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)
|
|
|
Type of non-Hodgkin's -- MC
|
Follicular, small cleaved
|
|
|
Type of pituitary adenoma -- MC
|
Prolactinoma
|
|
|
UTI -- MF cause
|
E. coli
|
|
|
UTI (young women) -- MF cause
|
E. coli and Staphylococcus saprophyticus
|
|
|
Vasculitis -- MC
|
Temporal arteritis (risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery)
|
|
|
Viral encephalitis -- MC
|
HSV
|
|
|
Virchow's node -- CF
|
Left supraclavicular node enlargement from metastatic carcinoma of the stomach
|
|
|
Virchow's triad -- CF
|
Pulmonary embolism (triad = blood stasis, endothelial damage, hypercoagulation)
|
|
|
Vitamin deficiency (U.S.) -- MC
|
Folic acid (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply)
|
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease -- CF
|
Neurofibromatosis with café-au-lait spots
|
|
|
von Recklinghausen's disease of bone -- CF
|
Osteitis fibrosa cystica ("brown tumor")
|
|
|
Wallenberg's syndrome -- CF
|
PICA thrombosis
|
|
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome -- CF
|
Adrenal hemorrhage associated with meningococcemia
|
|
|
Waxy casts -- CF
|
Chronic end-stage renal disease
|
|
|
WBC casts in urine -- CF
|
Acute pyelonephritis
|
|
|
WBCs in urine -- CF
|
Acute cystitis
|
|
|
Wermer's syndrome -- CF
|
MEN type I
|
|
|
Whipple's disease -- CF
|
Malabsorption syndrome caused by Tropheryma whippelii
|
|
|
Wilson's disease -- CF
|
Hepatolenticular degeneration
|
|
|
Xanthochromia (CSF) -- CF
|
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
|
|
|
Xerostomia + arthritis + keratoconjunctivitis sicca -- CF
|
Sjögren's syndrome
|
|
|
Zenker's diverticulum -- CF
|
Upper GI diverticulum
|
|
|
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome -- CF
|
Gastrin-secreting tumor associated with ulcers
|
|
|
Defic of CD55 and CD59, decay accelerating factor (DAF) and membrane attack complex inhibiting factor (MACIF)
|
dx of Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
|
