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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Functions of the Golgi Apparatus |
(1) production of vesicles/packaging proteins (2) modification or processing of / adding carbohydrate to , proteins (3) production of lysosomes |
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Suggest why the nuclear envelope contains pores |
(1) to allow movement (of substances) in or out of nucleus (2) correctly named substance (entering or leaving nucleus) such as RNA / (m)RNA / (r)RNA (t)RNA / polymerase / nucleotides / ribosomes / helicase / proteins / (steroid) hormones (3) extra mark for ref to correct destination of substance RNA to ribosomes or RER helicase to DNA polymerase to DNA/gene nucleotides to DNA (steroid) hormones to DNA / gene / chromosome |
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Functions of the Lysosomes |
(1) contain or release , lysins / lytic enzymes / hydrolytic enzymes / digestive enzymes (2) digest or break down: organelles, foreign objects, toxin, cells, pathogens (3) apoptosis/ autolysis |
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*apoptosis |
"when a cell commits suicide" |
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*autolysis |
more commonly known as self-digestion, refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes. |
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*so then really, you may ask, like any normal inquisitive human life-form, what is the difference between autolysis and apoptosis? |
Simply put, apoptosis is controlled and intentional, autolysis is not controlled and unintentional. In autolysis, the internal membranes of the cell just kind of break down and the cell "eats itself" form the inside. This is a messy process, resulting in cell guts flying all over the place. It generally does not happen in healthy tissue. It is usually the result of injury, infection, etc. In apoptosis, a tightly controlled pathway gets turned on, causing a specific chain of events that result in the death of the cell. The cell pretty much chops itself up into neat little bits and hands them off to the garbage crew. Apoptosis goes on in your body all the time, and is part of the normal activity of many healthy tissues. |
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what is meant by the term "organ"? |
more than one type of tissue working together/ performing a function for example: in the stomach Muscular tissue - to churn the food and other contents of the stomach Glandular tissue - to produce digestive juices including acid and enzymes Epithelial tissue - to cover the inner and outer surfaces of the stomach |
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gap for long af essay answer/ will complete in due course |
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list components of a cell surface membrane |
phospholipids proteins glycoproteins cholestrol glycolipids |
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explain what is meant by the term active transport |
movement of substances against or up a concentration gradient (from a low to high concentration) using ATP or using a transport protein or using a carrier protein |
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state examples of active transport in cells - name of the substance being transported and the cell involved |
(1) mineral ions/salt such as; nitrates, phosphates, calcium ions, magnesium ions; into the root hair cell (2) hydrogen ions out (3) mineral ions/salts (named) across endodermis; sucrose out of sieve tube at sink. |
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state how each substance crosses the cell membrane: eg. release of enzyme into the gut = bulk transport 1. a plant cell taking up water 2. calcium ions entering a nerve cell down a concentration gradient 3. oxygen entering a red blood cell |
1. osmosis 2. facilitated diffusion 3. diffusion |
choose from the following: diffusion osmosis facilitated diffusion |
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http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/63924-mark-scheme-unit-f211-cells-exchange-and-transport-june.pdf |
http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/63924-mark-scheme-unit-f211-cells-exchange-and-transport-june.pdf |
http://www.ocr.org.uk/Images/63924-mark-scheme-unit-f211-cells-exchange-and-transport-june.pdf |
