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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Health History Eyes, What do you ask?
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Corrective Lenses?
Any difficulty seeing? Eye pain? Past surgery? Family history? Self-care behaviors? |
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For a child who has adifficulty picking up objects, what would think?
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astigmatism (irregularly shaped lens)
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Visual acuity - assesses which cranial nerve?
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CN II - Optic
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To test visual acuity use what chart
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Snellen Chart - 20 feet away
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Normal Vision is 20/20. The numerator indicates what?
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distance from the chart (20)
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The denominator indicates what?
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distance from which the normal eye could read that line
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The larger the denominator...
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The poorer the vision
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Near vision is tested with what? (those older than 40 years old or those having difficulty reading)
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Hand held - 14 inches from face
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What test do you use to test visual fields?
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confrontation test
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What test do you use to inspect EOM's (extraocular muscle function)
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corneal light reflex (Hirschberg test)
Cover test Diagnostic positions test |
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What external eye structure do you inspect?
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General appearance
Eyebrows Eyelids and lashes Eyeball alignment Conjunctiva and sclera Lacrimal apparatus |
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What anterior eyeball structures do you inspect?
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Cornea and lens
Iris and Pupil |
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What do you inspect in the ocular fundus
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optic disc (color, shape, margins,)
Retinal vessels General background macula |
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Newborn vision is what?
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20/200
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Age 2 - 3 vision is what?
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20/30
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EOM's are what?
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6 small muscles attached to the eyeball and give the eye both straight and rotary movement
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What does it mean by "yoked"?
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each muscle is yoked with the corresponding muscle in the other eye, this allows the eye to remain parallel
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CN III
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Oculomotor
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CN IV
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Trochlear
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CN VI
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Abducens
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Lt & Rt Lateral Eye
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Superior Rectus - CN III
Lateral Rectus - CN VI Inferior Rectus - CN III |
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Medial Eyes
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Inferior Oblique - CN III
Medial Rectuus - CN III Superior Oblique - CN IV |
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What are the 3 assessments for EOM's
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Corneal light reflex
Cover/uncover test Six cardinal gases |
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Checks alignment of eyes when fixed on a object - normal finding dot of light at 5 & 7 reflecting off of cornea
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Corneal light test
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checks for EOM weakness or lazy eye normal finding is no movement
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Cover / Uncover Test
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Checks for a weak or paralyzed muscle or dysfunction of cranial nerves, normal finding is smooth, coordinated movements
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Six Cardinal Gazes
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What is the opening between the eyelids called
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palpebral fissures
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Pupillary response assesses what CN
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CN III - Oculomotor
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PERRLA stands for what
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Pupils equal
round react to light and accomidation |
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What are unequal pupils called
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anisocoria
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What is accommodation?
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ability to adapt from a distand gaze to focus on a near object
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What is the assessment for pupillary response?
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light into eye, pupil should be brisk to constrict < 1 sec, place hand laterally at nose
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What is assessment technique for accomidation?
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hold object at a distance of about 3 feet, move in toward nose
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What is used to perform a eye exam?
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ophthalmoscope
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The reflection of light of the retina is called what?
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the red reflex
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What color is the retina
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yellowish - pinkish backgroud
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What color is the optic disk
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creamy yellow to pink
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What is a gray - white arch on the cornea?
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Arcus Senilis
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What is a raised yellow plaque on or about the eyelid?
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Xanthelasma
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What is faulty distance vision? (nearsighted)
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myopia
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What is faulty near vision? (farsighted)
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hyperopia
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What is a loss of elasticity of lens which decreases its ability to change shape in order to accomidate for near vision, begins in the 40's, results in short-arm syndrome
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presbyopia
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What is double vision
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diplopia
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What presents with increased intraocular pressure and decreased peripheral vision
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glaucoma
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What meds can affect eyes?
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NSAIDS = blurred vision, decreased visual acuity
BCP = worsening of myopia or astigmatism |
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What do you use to look in the ears?
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otoscope
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What do you look at to inspect the external ear?
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size and shape of auricle
position oand alignment on head skin condition external auditory meatus |
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What do you examine during otoscopic exam?
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external canal
cerumen, discharge, ect redness, swelling of canal wall |
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What do you inspect on the tympanic membrane?
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Color and characteristics
not position (flat, bulging, retracted) Integrity of membrane |
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What do you do to test hearing acuity?
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note behavioral response to converstaional speech
Voice test tuning fort tests - Weber and Rinne |
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The part of the ear that is a canal and is a culdesac 2.5-3 cm long in the adult and terminates at the eardrum or tympanic membrane
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External Auditory Canal (EAC)
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What is ear wax called?
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Cerumen
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What is in front of the concha, and projecting backaward over the meatus?
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Tragus
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What is the margin of the outer ear?
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Helix
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What is the eardrum called?
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Tympanic Membrane (TM)
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Having a detrimental effect on the VIII (8) nerve or the organs of hearing?
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Ototoxic
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Subjective ringing in the ears, buzzing, tinkling, or hissing sound in the ear
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Tinnitus
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type of hearing loss that occurs with aging, even in peple living ina quiet environment
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presbycusis
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small, whitish-yellow, hard, nontender nodules in or near helix or antihelix, sign of gout
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tophi
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growth of nodules on the helix of the ear
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chondrodermatitis
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babies at most risk for ear infections are
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bottle fed babies
babies exposed to second had smoke |
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Clues of hearing loss:
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lip reading
frowning when listening posturing repeat message speaks loudly problem with own speech |
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When should a child start babbling?
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>6 mo old
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If wax is hard or dry, what would you soften with?
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mineral oil and H2O2
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Tympanic Membrane should be what color?
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translucent pearly gray
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What is the light reflex in the ear? Reflection of the light on the TM?
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cone of light
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What is the auditory function test?
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Tests CN VIII auditory or vestibulocochlear, conducts nerve impulses to the auditory area of the brain. Most general test is response to converstational speech.
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What test is performed by occulding one ear and standing 1 - 2 feet behind person.
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whisper test
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Helpful when pt reports hearing is better in 1 ear, place tuning fork in middle of skull
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Weber Test
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Compares air conduction and bone conduction of sound
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Rinne Test
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Drugs that cause tinnitus, vertigo, and hearing loss
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Aminoglycosides, Nsaids, salicylates
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Drugs that cause temporary hearing loss is iv administration is too rapid
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Lasix, give 10 mg / min to avoid hearing loss.
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Three bony projections located on the lateral walls of each nasal cavities, the superior, middle, and inferior. Increase surface area so more blood vessels are available to warm, humidify, and filter inhaled air
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turbinates
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rich network of veins on the anterinferior portion of the nasal septum, common site of most nose bleeds
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Kiesselbach's plexus
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two hollow spaces in the frontal bone lying above the orbits. causes the skull to be lighter
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frontal sinus
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the opening of the parotid gland, across from the second molar
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Stensen's duct
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gland located under the tongue, duct of the submandibular gland
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Wharton's duct
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What is a nosebleed called?
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epistaxis
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What is clear watery discharge from the nose called?
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rhinorrhea
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what is a dry mouth?
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xerostomia
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inflammation of the lip, fissures at the corners of the mouth
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cheilitis
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formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membranes of the tongue or cheek
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leukoplakia
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What is bad breath called?
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halitosis
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A canker sore is a vesicle at first, then a small, round, punched-out ulcer with white base surrounded by a red halo
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aphthous ulcers
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the elongation of filiform papillae and painless overgrowth of mycelial threads of fungus infection on the tounge
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black hairy tongue
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painless enlargement of the gums, sometimes overreaching the teeth
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gingival hyperplasia
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Temporomandibular joint
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TMJ
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What is the piece of tissue hanging down in back of throat
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Uvula
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Where would you first assess a patient for jaundice?
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hard and soft palate
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The place where sutures intersect
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fontanels
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What is the largest salivary glands?
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parotid glands
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Small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands on inner eye
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caruncle
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the corner of the eye, the angle where the lids meet
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canthus
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the border between cornea and sclera
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limbus
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what provides constant irrigation to keep the conjunctiva and cornea moist and lubricated?
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lacrimal apparatus
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transparent protective covering of the exposed part of the eye
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conjunctiva
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enlarged upper eye lid sagging down over lid
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pseudoptosis
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protruding eyes
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exophthalmos
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drooping upper lid
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ptosis
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constricted and fixed pupils
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miosis
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unilateral dilated pupil with no reaction to light or accomidations
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Cranial nerve III damage
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what promotes equilibrium in the ear
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the labyrinth in the inner ear
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swimmers ear, severe swelling of ear canal, inflammation, tenderness
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otitis externa
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overgrowth of scar tissue, which invades original site of trauma
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keloid
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inner ear infection
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otitis media
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What is the largest salivary glands?
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parotid glands
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Small fleshy mass containing sebaceous glands on inner eye
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caruncle
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the corner of the eye, the angle where the lids meet
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canthus
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the border between cornea and sclera
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limbus
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what provides constant irrigation to keep the conjunctiva and cornea moist and lubricated?
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lacrimal apparatus
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transparent protective covering of the exposed part of the eye
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conjunctiva
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enlarged upper eye lid sagging down over lid
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pseudoptosis
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protruding eyes
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exophthalmos
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drooping upper lid
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ptosis
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constricted and fixed pupils
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miosis
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unilateral dilated pupil with no reaction to light or accomidations
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Cranial nerve III damage
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what promotes equilibrium in the ear
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the labyrinth in the inner ear
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swimmers ear, severe swelling of ear canal, inflammation, tenderness
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otitis externa
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overgrowth of scar tissue, which invades original site of trauma
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keloid
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inner ear infection
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otitis media
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how many teeth do an adult have
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32
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condition where uvula is split
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bifid uvula
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what is tongue tie, a short lingual frenulum
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ankyloglossia
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