Eyes, Chapter 12 Estes

Front 1

accommodation

Back 1

visual focusing from a far to a near point as pupils constrict and eyes converge

Front 2

amblyopia

Back 2

permanent loss of visual acuity resulting from certain uncorrected medical condition

Front 3

anisocoria

Back 3

difference in pupil sizes

Front 4

anterior chamber

Back 4

space anterior to the pupil and iris

Front 5

arcus senilis

Back 5

hazy gray ring about 2mm in size and located just inside the limbus; Most Commonly found in older patients

Front 6

blepharitis

Back 6

inflammation of the eyelids

Front 7

bulbar conjunctiva

Back 7

covering of the anterior surface of the sclera

Front 8

canthus

Back 8

nasal or temporal angle where eyelids meet (by tear duct)

Front 9

caruncle

Back 9

round, red structure in the inner canthus; contains sebaceous glands

Front 10

cataract

Back 10

opacity in the lens of the eye that gives the pupil a really "gray appereance"

Front 11

chalazion

Back 11

chronic inflammation of the meibonian gland in the upper or lower eyelid

Front 12

chemosis

Back 12

swelling of the palpebral conjunctiva

Front 13

choroid

Back 13

provides "nutrition" to the retina and helps absorbe excess light

Front 14

dacryoadenitis

Back 14

inflammation of the lacrimal Gland

Front 15

dacryocystitis

Back 15

inflammation of the lacrimal Duct

Front 16

Internal structures of the eye:

Back 16

Outer layer
Middle layer
Inner layer

Front 17

The outer layer contains:

Back 17

the sclera and cornea

Front 18

The middle layer contains:

Back 18

Choroid, lens, iris,pupil

Front 19

The inner layer contains:

Back 19

Retina, optic disc, macula, fovea centralis, cones, rods

Front 20

Visual pathway:

Back 20

Sensory neurons in the retina
Optic disc
Optic nerve
Optic chiasm

Front 21

Common findings with middle age patients:

Back 21

Presbyopia, Retinopathy

Front 22

Common findings with elderly patients:

Back 22

Cataract, Glaucoma, Macular degeneration, Entropion or Ectropion, Dry eyes

Front 23

Common chief complaints

Back 23

Changes in visual acuity, drainage, itching, dryness

Front 24

Characteristics of Chief complaints:

Back 24

Location
quality
associated manifestations
aggravating factors
alleviating factors
setting
timing

Front 25

General approach to eyes

Back 25

Lighting, environment,patient in sitting position, always use systematic approach and compare right and left eyes

Front 26

Visual Acuity assessment

Back 26

CN II, use of a Snellen Chart, and an occluder to cover pt's eye

Front 27

Visual Acuity tests

Back 27

CN II
Distance Vision
Near Vision
Color Vision

Front 28

The Confrontation technique is used to:

Back 28

test the visual fields of each eye (CN II), divided into quadrants

Front 29

Types of defects found when testing visual fields

Back 29

Hemianopsia
Circumferential blindness
Unilateral blindness

Front 30

Abnormal findings in the eyelids

Back 30

Ptosis
Exophthalmos
Entropion or Ectropion
Chalazion

Front 31

Abnormal findings in the Lacrimal apparatus:

Back 31

Dacryodenitis, Dacryocystitis

Front 32

Acute inflammation of the Lacrimal gland can occur when:

Back 32

there is trauma, measles, mumps, or mononucleosis

Front 33

Hirschberg test is...

Back 33

Corneal light reflex test

Front 34

Abnormal findings from Hirschberg test include:

Back 34

strabismus (1 eye always deviated)
Esotropia (inward turning of eye)
Exotropia (outward turning of eye)

Front 35

Cover/Uncover test abnormal findings include:

Back 35

Phoria (latent misalignment of an eye)
Esophoria (nasal or inward,drift)
Exophoria (temporal or outward drift)

Front 36

Abnormal findings with Cardinal fields of gaze (Extraocular muscle movements)
involve CN III, IV, VI!

Back 36

Lack of symmetric movement in a particular direction;
Failure of an eye to move outward (CN VI);
Inability of an eye to move downward (CN IV);
Other defects in movement (CN III)

Front 37

Tests used to assess Extraocular Muscle Function

Back 37

Hirschberg test, Cover/uncover test , Cardinal fields of gaze

Front 38

What does the confrontation test assess? Which CN is tested?

Back 38

Visual field of each eye, and CN II is tested

Front 39

Abnormal findings of the Conjunctiva:

Back 39

Bacterial conjunctivitis, Viral conjunctivitis (herpes simplex or adenovirus), Allergic conjunctivitis, Pinguecula (nodule=exposure to UV light)

Front 40

Abnormal findings of the Sclera:

Back 40

Jaundice or scleral icterus, Blue sclera (osteogenesis)

Front 41

Abnormal findings of the cornea:

Back 41

Corneal ulceration=bacterial invasion; treelike configuration(herpes simplex); Arcus senilis; Glaucoma

Front 42

Assessment technique of the iris:

Back 42

with a penlight, inspect the iris for color, nodules, and vascularity

Front 43

Abnormal findings of the Iris:

Back 43

Iris nevus, hyphema (blood), Absent wedge portion of the iris

Front 44

Pupils' abnormal findings:

Back 44

anisocoria, ptosis, Horner's syndrome, Adie's pupil, dilated or fixed pupils (trauma), amaurotic pupil, small fixed, Argyl Robertson pupils (syphilis),

Front 45

Lens' abnormal findings:

Back 45

Senile cataract, unilateral cataract

Front 46

The fundosocopic assessment is for:

Back 46

assessing Posterior Segment Structures

Front 47

What abnormal findings might be noted on a pt with Diabetes Mellitus?

Back 47

Asymmetrical corneal light reflexes, vision getting weaker, glaucoma

Front 48

Identify abnormal findings in a pt with HTN.

Back 48

Hypertensive retinopathy, occlusion of central retinal vein, papilledema, infective endocarditis, astigmatism

Front 49

S&S of glaucoma are:

Back 49

glaucomatous cupping, pale optic disc, blindness

Front 50

Variations found in elderly patients:

Back 50

Changes in visual acuity
Presbyopia
Cataracts
Macular Degeneration
Glaucoma

Front 51

Some normal vision findings include:

Back 51

Visual acuity 20/20
Near vision acuity @ 14 inches
Able to id all 6 colors
Visual fields intact
Pupil size between 2-6mm
Red reflex present

Front 52

The are of "central" vision in the macula is called the__________

Back 52

FOVEA CENTRALIS

Front 53

Mydriasis means

Back 53

dilated pupils

Front 54

presbyopia

Back 54

loss of accomodation for near vision (middle age & elderly pts)

Front 55

nystagmus

Back 55

involuntary oscillation of the eye; can be "normal" in lateral gaze

Front 56

the medical term for "sty" is

Back 56

HORDEDLUM

Front 57

medical term for "nearsightedness"

Back 57

MYOPIA

Front 58

What is the common definition of "legal" blindness?

Back 58

vision that when corrected is 20/200

Front 59

Abnormal findings of the retina:

Back 59

Cotton wool spots= microscopic infarcts of the nerve fiber layer from diabetes or HTN

Front 60

"Roth spots" are

Back 60

superficial retinal hemorrhages found with severe HTN