Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Describe the cilia of eyelids in domestic species |
Cats have non in upper lid, both in dog, cattle and horse |
|
|
What do the following do orbiculatis oculi, levator palpebri, mullers mm? |
OO - Close lid-affected in blepharospasm , LP - raise upper lid, M - unconscious lift of upper lid - sympathetic denervation leads to ptosis in horners syndrome |
|
|
What produces the following : 1. Lipid layer 2. Serous layer 3. Mucus layer |
LL - Meibomian and Zeis glands SL- Moll glands ML- goblet cells |
|
|
What is ankyloblepharon? When does it occur and tx ? |
Occurs at 1st 10-15 days of life normally in small animals but can be beyond this period as a result of opthalmia neonatorum infection of staphylococcus or streptococcus in dogs ; FHV or chlamydia in cats. Tx done by warm compression and gently opening / Sx + topical antibiotics/ antiviral |
|
|
Eyelid agenesis is another term for eyelid coloboma. Describe this and how would you treat |
Seen more frequently in kittens in the temporal 2/3 of the upper lid bilaterally. Associated trichiasis results in exposure keratitis. Associated also with lagophthalmos and reduced tear production Treat with artificial tears ointment and surgical reconstruction with skin flaps at 4-6m old |
|
|
What is a dermoid ? |
A misplaced dermal element on the eye |
|
|
What is dictichiasis? |
Extra cilia protruding from Meibomian glands at the margins |
|
|
What suggest that the dictichiasis requires correction? |
Keratitis, corneal ulcers, epiphora or blepharospasm |
|
|
Dictichiasis is common in which breeds? |
C. Spaniel , mini/toy poodle , English Bulldog , golden retriever |
|
|
State treatment options for dictichiasis and post cate |
1. Cryotherapy - selective destruction 2. Electrolysis - tedious 3. Plucking - grows back 4. ElectrocauteryPost op care - topical antibiotics and ccs ointment |
|
|
What is trichiasis ? |
Cilia growing in the wrong direction from either the upper eyelid or nasal folds. Nasal folds may require partial resection |
|
|
What are ectopic cilia? How are they diagnosed and treated ? |
Cilia exiting through the palperbral conjuctival Dx: hx of recurrent ulcers and magnification of area Tx sx excision from conjuctival side + post op antibiotics |
|
|
What breeds get ectopic cilia ? |
Lhaso apso, dachshunds , pekingese , Shetland sheepdog |
|
|
What is trichomegaly ? |
Long eyelashes |
|
|
State the 3 types of entropion |
1. Developmental - confirmation/congenital form associated with genetics (chow, sporting dogs, droopy face dogs ) or dehydration /fat loss 2. Spastic - 2° to ocular pain ( ulcer, uveitis , glaucoma ). Tx causes to resolve 3. Cicatricial - 2° to scar tissue from sx or trauma |
|
|
State clinical signs of entropion |
Rolling in of the eye, epiphora , mucoid discharge , corneal ulcers , keratitis , blepharospasm |
|
|
What is the treatment for entropion ? |
1. Temporary tacking with vertical mattress sutures in young until age 5-6m 2. Modified hotz celsus proceedure - elliptical incision parallel to the eyelid margin 3mm away then close incision with simple interrupted sutures with 4-0 silk. |
|
|
State the types of ectropion |
1. Congenital - in giant breeds with diamond shaped palperbral fissure (central ectropion with lateral entropion ) 2. Aquired - decreased orbicularis oculi tone in older dogs 3. Cicatricial - scar tissue from sx/trauma/chronic inflammation |
|
|
How would you address ectropion ? |
1. Full thickness resection 2. V to Y plasty |
|
|
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid. What clinical signs are associated ? |
Swelling , erythema , alopecia , mucopurulent discharge, blepharospasm , pruritis |
|
|
State cause and tx of bacterial blepharitis |
Bacterial - localized (hardeolum) or diffuse. Eg. Staphylococcus. Hot compress and topical antibiotics. Systemic antibiotics if deep. Manual expression of hardeolum. |
|
|
State other causes of blepharitis |
1. Parasites - Demodex , sarcoptes 2. Fungi - microsporum and trichonphyton (dermatophytes) 3. Protozoa - leishmania donovani (ascaly) 4. Actinic - sunlight damage -> SCC 5. Burns - chemical , thermal , radiation 6. Immune mediated - atopic, drug HS, eosinophillic plaque, uveodermatological syndrome , SLE, discoid LE |
|
|
How would you address eyelid laceration ? |
1. Minimal debridement
2. two layer closure if perpendicular
- conjunctiva with simple continuous pattern with 5-0 to 7-0 vicryl from distal to proximal to eyelid margin, bury knot
- skin with simple continuous pattern with 4-0 silk from margin to distal. Figure 8 can be through Meibomian glands
3. Post op topical and systemic antibiotics |
|
|
State the occurrences of masses on the eyelid |
1. Dog - 75% benign. Meibomian gland adenoma then papilloma, melanoma , HCT, MCT. SCC uncommon 2. Cats - most malignant. SCC (low mets rate, high reoccurance) 3. Horse and cow - SCC or sarcoid; malignant 4. Granulomas aride from chronic inflammation |
|
|
State treatment options for eyelid masses |
1. Full thickness wedge resection 2. 4-sided or pentagonal incision 3. Single pedicle advancement flap 4. Cryotherapy 5. Diathermy 6. Chemotherapy 7. Radiotherapy 8. Exentration or enucleation |
|
|
How much of the eyelid can be resected? |
1/3. Greater will require single pedicle advancement flaps or sx debulking + other tx eg. Intralesional cisplatin, cryotherapy |
