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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Loftus and Palmer (1974)
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45 students in 5 groups.
each watch 7 videos of car crashes. several questions asked "how fast were the cars going when they HIT?" - verb is changed for each group average speed in "smashed" group was 41mph and "contacted" was 52mph. later "smashed" and "hit" group asked if any broken glass - "smashed" more likely to say yes. |
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Christansen and Hubinette (1993)
(Bank Robbery) |
58 real witnesses.
1/2 threatened with guns, 1/2 not. threatened remembered more details than non-threatened |
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Yuille and Cutshall (1986)
(Bank Robbery) |
13 real witnesses
4 months after 2 misleading questions answers more accurate and matched original statements emotions help remember more misleading has no affect |
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Yarmey (1993)
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someone stopped people in the street for 15 seconds, ask directions
2 minutes later experimenter asked characteristics of person that stopped them young (18-29) and middle-aged (30-44) more confident in recall than older adults (45-65) no change / difference in results |
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Loftus and Zanni (1975)
(Car Crash) |
shown film of car crash
asked 'did you see "the" broken headlight' or "a" ?? two groups no anxiety - maybe why easier to be misled 7% yes to "a" 17% yes to "the" |
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Valentine and Coxon (1997)
(Kidnapping Video) |
3 groups - children, young adults, elderly
watch video of kidnapping leading and non-leading questions children and elderly more incorrect for non-leading questions children more misled by leading questions |
