Eye Ear Dawn Test 5

Front 1

Causes hearing loss 4

Back 1

disease/injury
loud noise, constant
ototoxic drugs - mycins, asa, loop diur
aging - degenerative

Front 2

s/s hearing loss

Back 2

infant - no babbling, no response loud
adults - speech deterioration, social withdraw, disinterest
hogs conversation, false pride

Front 3

conductive hearing loss

Back 3

impairment of outer or mid ear or both

Front 4

sensoineural hearing loss

causes-

Back 4

perceptive loss
disease of inner/nerve paths
- ototoxic, blow to head, loud noise

Front 5

dx tests for hearing

Back 5

Weber - tap fork on forehd/top
compares bone conduction

Rinne test - tap fork - mastoid bone

Front 6

motions sickness rx

Back 6

antihistamines (Dramamine, Antivert)
anticholinergics (Scopolamine patches)
meds cause dry mouth/drowsy

Front 7

Meniere's Disease s/s

Back 7

chronic inner ear (labyrinth) dis
+ family hx often
s/s feelings fullness in ear
paroxysmal whirling vertigo, tinnitus, sensoineural loss

Front 8

Meniere's Disease rx

Back 8

diuretics, lo Na
limit alchohol, caffeine
avoid MSG, ASA
Antivert, Valium,
antiemetics - Phenergan
Vasodilating Pavabid, Banthine -

Front 9

Acute Otits Media -
middle ear d/o
causes
s/s

Back 9

strep, URI r/t short, straight eust tube
chronic expos to 2nd hand smoke
-pain, pulling on ear, inc T, n/v, dec hear, h/a
drainage if ruptures (pain goes), eardrum bright red/yellow

Front 10

Otitis media rx

-post op

Back 10

rx - antibiot, decong,
myringotomy - incise drum to release fluid, promote healing
- affected ear in dep posi, report severe pain, COCA, hearing loss, keep h2o out of ear

Front 11

Chronic otitis media
post op for mid ear or mastoid surg

Back 11

prevent infex, antibiot, no h2o 6 wks, keep dry 2 days
sleep w operative ear up
blow nose gently, sneeze/cough w mouth open

Front 12

external otitis media s/s
rx

Back 12

pain - inc when move auricle (mid ear infex no pain w move)
maybe yellow/green foul d/c
rx- antibiot, hot packs, analgesics, no h2O in ear

Front 13

signs for
both ears,
left ear
right ear

Back 13

AU
AR
AD

Front 14

Danger signals fro eyes

Back 14

continued pain in/around
persistent redness
crossing eyes
visual probs
growths on eye, lid, swollen lid
d/c continuedd, crusting, tearing
pupils unequal, distorted shape

Front 15

chemical burns to eyes - first aid

Back 15

flush w h2o at least 15 min - before moving pt - can use IV tubing

Front 16

both eyes
right eye
left eye

Back 16

OU
OR
OS

Front 17

dressings

Back 17

never change till ordered,
pull tape toward eye, then straight up
do not apply pressure unless ordered - then use 2-3 pads and tape

Front 18

Visual assessment
tonometry
fluorescein angiography

Back 18

-measures intraocular press - use top anesthetic drops 1st
-dye into antecubital vein, seen in retinal vessels, skin and urine may turn yellow - gone 24 hrs

Front 19

refraction errors
age > 40

Back 19

ability of eye to accommodate decreases
- lens loose elasticity
- presbyopia (type farsightedness type)

Front 20

refraction errors
myopia
hyperopia

Back 20

-nearsightedness - can't see far
-farsightedness - can't see near * most common error

Front 21

Glaucoma meds- Miotics
decrease IOP

Back 21

Miotics=cholinergic agents -(pilocarpine, carbachol)
inc fluid outflo by constricting pupils
-s/e blurred, pain, diff seeing in dark, stings immed > admin

Front 22

Glaucoma meds- Beta Blkers
decrease IOP

Back 22

(betaxolol, timolol)
decr. aqueous humor production
s/e - same as all betas

Front 23

Glaucoma meds- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
decrease IOP

Back 23

(Trusopt-drops, Diamox-po)
decr. aqueous humor production
- no sulfa allergies

Front 24

Meds for pupil dilation - exams, surg
-mydriatics
-cycloplegics
mydriatic/cycloplegic drops

Back 24

- dilate pupil
-paralyze iris sphincter to keep dilated
atropine
scopolamine
homatropine
Mydriacyl (cyclogyl)

Front 25

Eye anti-infectives
antibiotics

Back 25

gentamicin, erythromycin

Front 26

Eye meds - osmotic agents

Back 26

-make plasma hypertonic so draw aquious humor from eyes and reduce IOP
- often used pre-op

Front 27

Conjunctivitis -s/s
-rx

Back 27

-redness, swelling, pain, lacrimation, d/c, foreign body sensation
-warm compresses, antibiotic, maybe steroid drops

Front 28

Hordeolum (sty)-s/s
-rx

Back 28

infex of superficial lid gland
-pain, swelling, redness, then small abscess
-warm compress, maybe I&D, antibiotic drops

Front 29

Chalazia - s/s
-rx

Back 29

inflammatory cyst of gland of eyelid
-burning, itching, lid margins red, crusty
-warm compress to soften, remove crusts, antibiotic ointment

Front 30

Glaucoma pathophysiology

Back 30

- norm balance amt fluid enters/leaves eye
-distubance of circulation aqueous fluid
=> incr prod of humor w decrease in outflow
-incr IOP
-damage optic nerve
-visual loss - blindness
-lost vision can't be restored

Front 31

closed angle glaucoma - un rx?
due to?

Back 31

-blind in 2-5 days
-sudden incr IOP -> blockage of angle of anter chamber by root of iris => blocks aqueous outflow (drainage channels normal)

Front 32

closed angle glaucoma
s/s?

Back 32

- sudden severe pain - 1st eye, then other parts of head
blurred vision
halos, rainbows around lights
red eye
n/v
dilated pupil does not respond to light

Front 33

closed angle glaucoma
rx

Back 33

decr IOP - miotics, osmotics, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
decr pain, nausea - Demerol causes miosis + decr pain

Front 34

closed angle glaucoma
post-op

Back 34

eye patch at least 24 hr
antibiotic gtts 4-5 days
steroid gtts weeks (scarring, inflamm)
don't lay on operated side
progressive ambulation - not fast
no reading until MD oks
no driving 1 week

Front 35

glaucoma pt teaching

Back 35

-explain need for lifelong rx
-avoid activity that incr IOP: sneezing, vomiting, coughing, no bending from waist, squat to pick up, no straining (valsalva, lifting > 5#)
-avoid emotional stress, excessive fluid intake, tight clothing ie collars
miotic gtts cause diff night seeing => incr lighting at home
no reading extended time, or fast moving object games
-no mydriatics (dilates),
-no antihistamines (glaucoma is s/e of meds)

Front 36

Cataracts causes
s/s

Back 36

long term steroids, sun exposure
-blurry, hazy, distortion
-diplopia (dbl vis), poor nite vis.
-glare in brite lite,
no pain, gradual visual loss
-pupils black, gray, then white

Front 37

Cataracts rx

Back 37

surgery - not laser
done when interferes w life
-postponing has no effect
- protection from sun may prevent/slow dpwm cateracts

Front 38

Cataracts pre-op

Back 38

sedation
mydriatic/cycloplegic (dilates/open)
osmotic - to decr IOP
antiemetic - to prevent vomit would inc IOP

Front 39

Cataracts post-op

Back 39

usu discharged few hrs
sleep on back or non-surg side w HOB 45
discharge surg eye only - 1st day
antiemetics prn nausea (don't wait)

Front 40

Cataracts post-op eye meds
pt teaching

Back 40

if no lens implant - mydriatic or mydriatic/cycloplegic
if lens implant - miotic (to prevent from dislodging
BOTH antibiotics, steroids

Front 41

congenital cataracts

Back 41

remove asap - by 6 mo to preserve vision
if monocular and not corrected early => perm blind from lazy eye (amblyopia)

Front 42

Retinoblastoma - definition

Back 42

congen malignant tumor arising from retina - usu unilateral
may be present at birth or during 1st 2 yrs

Front 43

Retinoblastoma s/s
rx

Back 43

s/swhitish glow in pupil (cats eye reflex)
strabismus - eyes not aligned
red, painful eye
glaucoma often
blindness a late sign
- radiation or enucleation, chemo

Front 44

Strabismus definition
cause

Back 44

eyes not staraight or aligned bilaterally - eyes see 2 diff images
1/2 family hx, imbalance of intraoc muscles

Front 45

Strabismus s/s
rx

Back 45

-malalignment of eyes, squint, head tilt
-patching good eye, eye exercises, glasses, surgery to correct mus
glasses after surgery for maintenance

Front 46

Macular degeneration
dx?

Back 46

most common cause vis loss > 60
Amsler used to dx
Drusen (yellow spots) appear in retina

Front 47

Retinal detachments s/s

Back 47

occur suddenly or gradually
floaters
flashes of light
blurry, sooty vision
un rx - incr detach -> blindness

Front 48

Retinal detachments pre-op

Back 48

-immediate bedrest - to prevent further detachment
-both eyes bandaged
- lie so area of detach is dependent (flat, sitting, etc)

Front 49

Retinal detachments post-op

Back 49

-both eyes bandaged,
-bedrest w BRP assisted
-if gas bubble during surg, position ordered
-deep breathe q 2hrs
-decr ,movement of head, no jarring, no activities that inc IOP
-restrict reading initially
- no flying till gas bubble gone, if used

Front 50

enucleation
post-op

Back 50

removal of eyeball
-pressure dressing for wk - reduce swelling
-antibiotic oint TID
-remove and clean per orders - (either leave in for months and do daily irrigations or remove and clean daily)

Front 51

blind pt care in hosp

Back 51

-orient to room, don't rearrange, leave door all the way open, not 1/2, call bell in reach
-speak to pt when entering
-when walking pt, pt touches elbow and walks 1 step behind nurse
-allow independence AMAP - tell where food is on plate

Front 52

eye donation post op, pre-op

Back 52

recipient may only know hrs before
pre-op - ck s/s eye infex, antibiotic gtt
post-op
-pressure dress. and eye shield 1 day,
elevate hob,
lie on non-surg side,
monitor bleeding, infex, graft rejection
RSVP (red, swell, vis acuity decrease, pain)