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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is microangiopatric Hemolytic Anemia |
Hemolysis of RBCs int the smaller blood vessels, likely do to high levels of activity or fragile cells
Look for Schistocytes, microspherocytes and helemet cells |
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what is Sever thrombocytopenia |
Platelets are beign removed from the blood stream.
Serum Lactate Dehydroginae (LDH) greatly increased
Bone marrow hyperplasia
WBC left shift
Polychromasia and nucleated RBC
Causes heamtouria and proteouria as well RBC casts.
Normal coagulation tests |
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What are the size rankings of bruises caused by thrombocytopenia? |
Petechia <3mm
Purpura 3-10mm
Ecchymoses >1cm |
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How can Thrmobocytopenia be aquired? |
Stem cell transplant, Pregnancy, Disseminated Cancer, Autoimmune Disorders, Systemic Infection, Medication.
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How much is the activity of ADAMTS 13 reduced in aquired and Idiopathic thrombocytopenia. |
Aquired 50%
Idiopathic 80-90% |
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What is the role ADAMTS13 in thrombocytopenia? |
It prevents GPIb on platelets from binding VWF on other platles, keeping them from clotting needlessly.
Other wise random clotting pulls thrombocytes out of the blood stream and creates fibrin strands that slice up RBC that have to move through them. |
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What causes familial thrombocypotenia? |
An inhereted mutation in ADAMTS13, present from birth but may show no symptoms
ADAMTS13 >5-10%
Treated with Fresh frozen plasma (FFP) |
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What is Hemolitic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)? |
Acute renal faliure do to thrombi (clots) forming in glumerula microvasculature |
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What is D+HUS? |
Caused be E.coli or shigella infection
casues 90% of HUS cases, typically in children
Forshadowed by acute gastroenteritits (diarhea)
Resolves in 1-3 weeks with proper care |
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What is HUS that occurs without diarhea? |
Can be familial, casued by a mutation in complement protein (factors H, I, B)
Can also be sporadic and brought on by other conditions, such as, HIV, Pregnancy, cancer and some medications. |
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What is the evidence of renal faliure? |
Serum creatinin levels high, proteinuria, hematuria, Hyaline, ganular and RBC casts. |
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What is HELLP Syndrome? |
Occurs in 1% of pregnancies
Hemolysis Elevated Liver enzymes Low Plattelet count.
Assoicated with pre-eclampsia (1-030%) of cases -High blood pressure and Proteinuria
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What is Materanl EC Dysfunction |
Causes fibrin depostion in microvasculature |
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How can HELLP by diagnosed? |
Low platelet count
Increased LDH (liver damage)
Elevated aspartaet aminotranferase ( AST:SGOT)
Normal coagulation results. |
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What is rroyghly the life cycle of malaria? |
Spores enter a RBC and break down hemoglobin and cytoskelen for the amino acids
they replecate aesxually in the RBC and then burst out spreading to other RBC and releasing toxins |
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How dose malaria cause anemia? |
Parasite lyse RBC and eat the hemoglobin
NK cells and macrophages kill infected RBC
Reduces erythorpoesis
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What is Hemozoin? |
A protein porduced by the parasite to digest hemoglobin. Triggers an inflammatory response (Boosts TNF-alpha and interferon gama. |
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Not DOne |
Not Done |
