Extremities

Front 1

Pectoral Girdle consists of:

Back 1

Clavicle
Scapula

Front 2

2 Clavicle surfaces

Back 2

- superior surface is very smooth
- inferior surface is rough for ligament attachment

Front 3

2 Ends of the clavicle

Back 3

- sternal end (medial)
- acromial end (lateral)

Front 4

The lateral end contains

Back 4

Conoid tubercle
Trapezoid line

Front 5

Conoid tubercle is the site for

Back 5

Conoid ligament attachment

Front 6

Location of the Trapezoid line

Back 6

stemming from the conoid tubercle

Front 7

Trapezoid line is the site for

Back 7

attachment of the trapezoid ligament

Front 8

Trapezoid ligament and Conoid ligament make up

Back 8

Coracoclavicular ligament

Front 9

Function of the coracoclavicular ligament

Back 9

binds the lateral end of the clavicle to the scapula

Front 10

Medial end of the clavicle contains

Back 10

costal tuberosity

Front 11

Costal tuberosity and the 1st rib are connected by

Back 11

costoclavicular ligament

Front 12

Clavicle body shape

Back 12

- medial 2/3 is convex anteriorly
- lateral 1.3 is concave anteriorly

Front 13

What happens with a fractured clavicle?

Back 13

o Medial end of clavicle is elevated by upward pull of SCM

o Shoulder drops—trapezius can’t support weight of upper limb

o Arm is adducted and medial rotated.

Front 14

Purpose of the clavicle

Back 14

o Acts as a rigid support

o One of boundaries of cervicoaxillary canal

o Transmits forces from upper limb → axial skeleton

Front 15

Borders of the pectoral region

Back 15

Superior: clavicle
Inferior: inferior border of pec major
Medial: sternum
Lateral: mid-axillary line

Front 16

Definition of the Pectoral region

Back 16

Anterior to thoracic wall (upper 6 ribs)

Front 17

Contents of the pectoral region

Back 17

- Pec major
- Pec minor
- Subclavius
- Breasts
- Nerves, blood vessels, lymphatics

Front 18

Function of pectoral fascia

Back 18

- attaches to clavicle and sternum

Front 19

Location of pectoral fascia

Back 19

Surrounds pec major

Front 20

Pectoral fascia is continuous with

Back 20

axillary fascia (floor of armpit) and fascia of anterior abdominal wall

Front 21

Clavipectoral fascia is continuos with

Back 21

deep fascia of the neck

Front 22

Clavipectoral fascia path

Back 22

- attaches to clavicle
- splits to surround subclavius
- 2 layers fuse to form the costocoracoid membrane
- splits to surround pec minor
- 2 layers fuse to form the suspensory ligament of axilla

Front 23

Superficial VAN of the upper extremity

Back 23

Cephalic Vein
Thoracoacromial trunk
Lateral Pectoral nerve

Front 24

Cephalic vein arises from

Back 24

The lateral side of dorsal venous arch

Front 25

Cephalic vein runs through what groove?

Back 25

Deltopectoral groove

Front 26

Cephalic vein pierces ----- to drain into -----?

Back 26

pierces the costocorocoid membrane
drains into the axillary vein

Front 27

Thoracoacromial trunk is a branch of

Back 27

Axillary Artery

Front 28

Thoracoacromial trunk divides into 4 groups

Back 28

Clavicular branches
Pectoral branches
Deltoid branches
Acromial branches

Front 29

Pec Major
OIA

Back 29

ORIGIN: 2 heads of origin
- clavicular head: medial 1/2 clavicle
- sternal head: ant. surface of sternum
costal cartilage ribs 1-6
aponeurosis of external obliques
INSERTION: lateral lip of bicipital groove
ACTIONS: arm adducion and internal rotation
• Clavicular head: flexion of arm
• Sternal head: extension of arm
INNERVATION:
• Clavicular head: lateral pectoral nerve
• Sternal head: medial pectoral nerve

Front 30

Pec Minor
OIA

Back 30

- origin: ribs 3, 4, 5
- insertion: coracoid process
- action: elevate the ribs on deep inspiration
depress the scapula
- innevation: medial pectoral nerve

Front 31

Key muscle in the axillary region

Back 31

Pec Minor

Front 32

Subclavius
OIA

Back 32

- origin: first costal cartilage
- insertion: middle 1/3 of clavicle
- action: depress the clavicle
- innervation: nerve to subclavius

Front 33

nerve to subclavius carries fibers from

Back 33

C5 and C6

Front 34

Serratus Anterior
OIA

Back 34

- origin: ribs 1-8
- insertion: medial border on the anterior surface of scapula
- innervation: long thoracic nerve C5-C7 “keeps wings out of heaven”
- action: stabilize scapula
protraction of scapula
assists with rotating the scapula when the arm is abducted above the horizontal

Front 35

Definition of the Axilla

Back 35

pyramidal or cone shaped space between the arm and the thoracic wall

Front 36

Borders of the apex of the axillary region

Back 36

- anterior- clavicle

- medial- 1st rib

- posterior- superior boarder of scapula

Front 37

Base of the axilla is made up of

Back 37

skin and fascia of the armpit
(specifically)
- axillary fascia
- suspensory ligament of axilla

Front 38

Anterior wall of the axilla AKA

Back 38

Anterior axillary fold

Front 39

Posterior wall of the axilla AKA

Back 39

Posterior axillary fold

Front 40

Anterior wall of the axilla made up of

Back 40

- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor

Front 41

Posterior wall of the axilla made up of

Back 41

- subscapularis
- latissimus dorsi
- teres major

Front 42

Medial wall of the axilla made up of

Back 42

- ribs
- serratus anterior (overlying)

Front 43

Lateral wall of the axilla made up of

Back 43

- intertubercular groove

Front 44

Origin of the axillary sheath

Back 44

continuous with prevertebral layer of cervical fascia

Front 45

Location of the axillary sheath

Back 45

surrounds the NV bundle of upper extremity

Front 46

Borders of the axillary artery

Back 46

lateral border of the 1st rib

distal border of teres major

Front 47

Axillary artery is continuous with --------- and becomes ---------

Back 47

subclavian artery

brachial artery

Front 48

Superior thoracic artery supplies

Back 48

- 1st and 2nd intercostal spaces

- pectoral muscles

Front 49

Lateral thoracic artery supplies

Back 49

o Pectoral muscles
o Serratus anterior
o Breast

Front 50

Subscapular artery breaks into

Back 50

Circumflex scapular artery

Thoraco-dorsal artery

Front 51

Circumflex scapular artery supplies

Back 51

Infraspinatus
T. Minor
T. Major

Front 52

Thoraco-dorsal artery supplies

Back 52

supplies muscles of the lat. Dorsi

Front 53

----- branches off of Part 1 of the axillary artery

Back 53

Superior thoracic a

Front 54

-------- branches off of Part 2 of the axillary artery

Back 54

Thoracoacromial trunk

Lateral Thoracic artery

Front 55

4 branches of the thoracoacromial trunk

Back 55

o Clavicular branch
o Pectoral branch
o Acromial branch
o Deltoid branch

Front 56

----------- branches off of Part 3 of the axillary artery

Back 56

Subscapular artery

Anterior humeral circumflex artery

Posterior Humeral circumflex artery

Front 57

Location of the anterior Humeral Circumflex artery

Back 57

runs laterally, deep to coracobrachialis and biceps brachii

Front 58

Location of the posterior humeral circumflex artery

Back 58

runs medially, joins the axillary nerve

Front 59

Where do Posterior and Anterior Humeral circumflex artery anastamose

Back 59

Around the surgical head of the humerus

Front 60

Axillary VEIN is formed from what other veins?

Back 60

Basilic vein joins the 2 brachial veins

Front 61

Cephalic vein empties into which vein?

Back 61

Basilic Vein

Front 62

Contents of the axilla

Back 62

Axillary Artery
Axillary Vein
Cords of the brachial plexus
Adipose tissue
Lymph nodes and fascia

Front 63

Axillary sheath is made of

Back 63

Axillary Artery
Axillary Vein
Cords of the brachial plexus

Front 64

Part 1 of the axillary artery is bounded by

Back 64

Lateral border of the 1st rib and pec minor.

Front 65

Part 2 of the axillary artery is bounded by

Back 65

Posterior to the pec minor muscle

Front 66

Part 3 of the axillary artery is bounded by

Back 66

lateral border of pec minor and the distal border of teres major