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272 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Presence of Endoflagella
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Spirochaetes
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Axial filaments provide motility
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Spirochaets
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Spiral-shaped bacteria w/ flexible peptidoglycan cell wall
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Spirochaets
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Spirochaete with tight and equally spaced coils
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Treponema
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STD-causing spirochaete
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T. pallidum
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Syphilis
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T. pallidum
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Painless indurated ulcer (chancre) at inoculation site
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T. pallidum
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STD causing non-pruritic rashes over trunk and limbs palms and soles
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T. pallidum
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Condylomata lata (papular perineal and genital lesions)
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T. pallidum
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Formation of painful gummas in bones, skin, muscutaneous tissues or organs
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T. pallidum
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Venereal disease research laboratory
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T. pallidum
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Rapid Plasma Reagin test
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T. pallidum
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FTAB-ABS test
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T. pallidum
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TP-PA and TP-MHA tests
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T. pallidum
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Spirochaete leading to congenital infection
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T. pallidum
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Spirochaete causing skeletal abnormalities (osteochondritis, periostitis) in newborns
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T. pallidum
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Hutchinson Triad includes: Hutchinson Teeth, Intersitial Keratitis, and 8th Nerve Cranial Deafness
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T. pallidum
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Aortitis in late stage infection
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T. pallidum
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Rhinitis, peeling rash on hands and feet and periostitis are hallmarks of congenital infection in newborn
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T. pallidum
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Largest spirochaete with loosely, irregularly spaced coils
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Borrelia
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Spirochaetes stainable w/ Wright or Giemsa
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Borrelia
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Slow growth in BSK medium
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Borrelia
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Lyme's Disease
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B. burgdorferi
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Most common vector borne disease in the US
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B. burgdorferi
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Spirochaet transmitted by Ixodes tick
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B. burgdorferi
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Bull's eye rash
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B. burgdorferi
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Appearance of Erythema migrans rash few days after tick bite
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B. burgdorferi
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Tick borne disease which may cause meningitis, facial palsy and neurological abnormalities
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B. burgdorferi
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Sudden onset of arthritis intense joint inflammation weeks after tick bite
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B. burgdorferi
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Combine with tick proteins Ops A and OpsC during early infection to suppress T cell activation
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B. burgdorferi
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Louse borne relapsing fever
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B. recurrentis
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Relapsing Fever vector is body lice- Pediculus humanus var. corporis
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B. recurrentis
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Spirochetes present in hemolymph of lice and scratched into skin
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B. recurrentis
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Louse born infection with predisposing conditions that include crowding, poverty, and cold climate
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B. recurrentis
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Tick borne Relapsing Fever
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B. hermsii
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Relapsing Fever vector is soft bodied ticks- Ornithodoros species
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B. hermsii
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Relapsing Fever infection from tick bite while vacationing and hunting
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B. hermsii
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Spirochaete with tightly coiled spirals and hooked ends
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Leptospira
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Spirochaete transmission via infected animal urine in water (Dogs, livestock, rats)
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L. interrogans
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Weil's disease (impaired hepatic/renal function)
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L. interrogans
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Canicola fever
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L. interrogans
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Spirochete infection is occupation hazard of sewer workers, farmers, slaughterhouse workers, and military personnel
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L. interrogans
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Fletcher medium
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L. interrogans
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Spirochete can be found in urine first week of infection
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L. interrogans
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Naked SS linear DNA virus
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Parvovirus
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Viral genome is either (+) or (-) ssDNA
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Parvovirus
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smallest DNA virus
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Parvovirus
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5ths Disease
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B19 Virus
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Erythema infectiosum
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B19 Virus
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Slapped Cheek Rash
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B19 Virus
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DNA virus that causes a distinct facial rash in children but arthritis in adults
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B19 Virus
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Birus causing aplastic crisis in sickle cell patients
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B19 Virus
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Virus causing a lacy, reticulated, macular erythema rash on arms and body
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B19 Virus
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DNA virus causing Hydrops fetalis in newborns
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B19 Virus
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Naked DS linear DNA virus
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Adenovirus
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DNA virus that creates basophilic nuclear inclusions due to defective replication
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Adenovirus
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Naked DNA virus causing pharyngitis and pharyngoconjuctival fever
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Adenovirus 1-7
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DNA virus causing swimming pool conjuctivitis & epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
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Adenovirus 1-7
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DNA virus with high incidence of acute respiratory disease in military recruits
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Adenovirus 1-7
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DNA virus causing croup, laryngitis, and bronchiolitis
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Adenovirus 1-7
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DNA virus causing acute viral gastroenteritis
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Adenovirus 40-42
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form Koilocytes- enlarged keratinocytes with clear halos around atypical nuclei
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Papillomavirus
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Naked DS Circular DNA virus with oncogenic serotypes
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Papillomavirus
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Common and plantar warts
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HPV 1-4
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Flat and periungal warts
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HPV 1-4
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Causes cauliflower-like skin projections on the hands and feet that regress over time
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HPV 1-4
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Epidermodysplasia verruciformis
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HPV 5-8
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Causes 100s of scaly macules & papules in persons with genetic skin disorder
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HPV 5-8
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Benign anogenital warts
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HPV 6,11
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Benign head and neck tumors
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HPV 6,11
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Condylomata acuminata
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HPV 6,11
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Genital warts
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HPV 16,18,31,45
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Cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
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HPV 16,18,31,45
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Oncogenic virus leading to cervical and penile carcinoma
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HPV 16,18,31,45
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Gardasil & Cervarix recombinant vaccines
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HPV 16,18,31,45
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Naked dsDNA circular virus (non oncogenic)
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Polyomavirus
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DNA virus causing severe UTI and kidney disease in immunocompromised
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BK virus
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Naked dsDNA circular virus establishing latent infection in the kidney
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BK virus
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Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML
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JC virus
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Naked dsDNA circular virus that kills oligodendrocytes
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JC virus
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DNA virus that can cause demyelination and lesions in white matter of brain
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JC virus
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Largest and complex brick-shaped DNA virus
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Poxvirus
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Only DNA virus that replicates in host cytoplasm
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Poxvirus
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DNA virus carrying its own DNA dependent RNA polymerase
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Poxvirus
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Smallpox
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Variola virus
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Guarnieri bodies (cytoplasmic inclusion bodies)
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Variola virus
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Herald spots appear on the face with centrifugal spread involving the face, proximal extremities, trunk and then the distal extremities
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Variola virus
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Vesicular rash with simultaneous outbreak around body
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Variola virus
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Benign, pink, incushion-like skin tumors with nipple-like indentation
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Molluscum contagiosum
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DNA virus infected cells have large eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
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Molluscum contagiosum
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Enveloped linear dsDNA virus that replicates in nucleus
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Herpesvirus
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Cold sores
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HSV-1
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Latent in the trigeminal nerve ganglion
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HSV-1
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Gingivostomatitis (fever w/ painful oral vesicles or ulcers)
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HSV-1
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Virus responsible for most common cause of sporadic encephalitits
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HSV-1
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Causes herpetic whitlow and herpetic ulcers of the cornea or conjunctivae
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HSV-1
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Viral STD causing painful vesicular lesions in genital area
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HSV-2
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Latent in sacral nerve ganglia (S3/S4)
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HSV-2
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Causes herpetic whitlow and neonatal herpes infection
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HSV-2
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Latent infection in the dorsal root or cranial nerve ganglia
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Chickenpox
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Asynchronous dermal vesiculopustular rash across the entire body
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Shingles
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Cluster of painful vesicular lesions along a single sensory dermatome
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Postherpetic neuralgia
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Along with HSV, infection can be identified in Tzanck smears
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Along with HSV, cause Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions
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Varicella Zoster Virus VZV
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Infectious mono (kissing disease)
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Epstein Barr Virus EBV
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Oncogenic virus associated with Burkitt's lymphoma
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Epstein Barr Virus EBV
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DNA virus associated with hairy oral leukoplakia in AIDS patients
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Epstein Barr Virus EBV
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DNA oncogenic virus associated with jaw and face lymphoma
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Epstein Barr Virus EBV
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Heterophile Ab (+) infectious mono
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Epstein Barr Virus EBV
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Heterophile Ab + virus that can lead to Guillain-Barre syndrome
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Epstein Barr Virus EBV
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Heterophile Ab (-) mono
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Cytomegalovirus CMV
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DNA virus that may cross placenta
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Cytomegalovirus CMV
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Viral disease early in neonates causes deafness and mental retardation
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Cytomegalovirus CMV
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Produces cells with large, purple intranuclear inclusion bodies surrounded by a halo "Owl's eyes"
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Cytomegalovirus CMV
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DNA virus responsible for kidney transplant failures
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Cytomegalovirus CMV
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Heterophile Ab (-)virus is a common trigger of Guillain-Barre syndrome
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Cytomegalovirus CMV
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linear dsDNA virus passed transplacentally from mother to fetus and most common cause of congenital infection in the US
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Cytomegalovirus CMV
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Exanthem subitum Roseola
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Human Herpesvirus 6 & 7
HHV-6,7 |
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DNA virus causing small rose-pink macules or papules
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Human Herpesvirus 6 & 7
HHV-6,7 |
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DNA virus associated with Kaposi's sarcoma
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Human Herpesvirus 8 HHV-8
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Enveloped ds circular DNA virus
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Hepadnavirus
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Only virus that replicates through a circular RNA intermediate
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Hpadnavirus
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Dane particle
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HBV
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Only DNA virus to encode a reverse transcriptase
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HBV
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DNA virus carrying its own RNA dependent DNA polymerase
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HBV
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Only DNA hepatitis virus
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HBV
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Virus causing 80% of primary hepatocellualr carcinoma
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HBV
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DNA virus causing classic icteric symptoms of liver damage
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HBV
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Smallest RNA virus
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Picornavirus
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Salk vaccine (killed)
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Polio virus
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Sabine vaccine (attenuated)
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Polio virus
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Virus infecting anterior horn cells of spinal cord
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Polio virus
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Naked (+) strand RNA that causes asymmetric flaccid paralysis
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Polio virus
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Naked (+) strand RNA virus that can cause severe disease involving the CN and the medullary respiratory center
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Polio virus
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Enterovirus causing acute hemorrhagic conjuctivitis (70)
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Enteroviurs (68-71)
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Enterovirus causing Hand, foot& Mouth disease
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Enterovirus (71)
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Picornavirus, aside from the Coxasackie, that causes CNS infection (viral meningitis)
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Echovirus
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Coxsackie virus causing acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis
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Coxsackie A
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Coxsackie virus causing Hand foot mouth disease with Herpangina
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Coxsackie A
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A Picornavirus associated w/pericarditis
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Coxsackie B
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Naked RNA virus causing myopericarditis and pleurodynia
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Coxsackie B
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Coxsackie virus causing aseptic meningitis
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Coxsackie B
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Major cause of the common cold
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Rhinovirus
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Common cold infection peaks in summer and early fall
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Rhinovirus
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Picornavirus member that is acid-labile and not spread through fecal/oral route
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Rhinovirus
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Designated "Infectious Hepatitis"
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HAV
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Unusually stable naked RNA virus resistant to detergents, acids (pH 1), solvents (ether, chloroform), drying, and salt water
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HAV
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Picorna virus causing necrosis of hepatocytes and jaundice
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HAV
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Picornavirus that infects hepatocytes and is acquired by eating contaminated food
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HAV
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Naked (+)RNA virus in Calicivirus
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Norovirus
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Norwalk Agent gastroenteritis
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Norovirus
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Viral gastroenteritis commonly associated with cruise ships and semi-closed communities (hospital, prisons)
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Norovirus
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Viral gastroenteritis with 1 day of illness (vomiting, diarrhea, low fever)
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Norovirus
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Designated Enteric Hepatitis
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Hepevirus
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Causes 50% of water-born hepatitis in developing world (India)
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HEV
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Hepatitis virus that is a common fecal oral virus in developing countries
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HEV
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Fecal oral transmitted hepatitis virus with high fatality rate in pregnant women
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HEV
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Naked ds linear RNA virus
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Reovirus
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Naked virus with double shelled capsids and 10-12 dsRNA
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Reovirus
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Contains 11 segments of dsRNA
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Rotavirus
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Major cause (50%) of acute viral gastroenteritis
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Rotavirus
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Major viral cause of infantile diarrhea worldwide
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Rotavirus
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Viral enterotoxin- nsP4
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Rotavirus
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Outer capsid of this RNA virus is cleaved in the GI tract to activate virus for infection
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Rotavirus
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Colorado Tick Fever
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Coltivirus
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Viral encephalitis caused by transmission via wood tick (Dermacentor)
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Coltivirus
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dsRNA virus that causes tick-borne fever and can remain in the blood for months
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Coltivirus
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Hepatitis-causing virus spread by mosquitoes in tropical S. America & Africa
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Yellow Fever virus
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Black vomit from GI hemorrhage via RNA virus transmitted by mosquito
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Yellow Fever virus
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Enveloped (+) RNA virus that causes fever, jaundice, renal failure, and black vomit
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Yellow Fever virus
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Most prevalent tropical fever virus with viral vector: Aedes mosquito in tropics
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Dengue virus
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Break-Bone fever
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Dengue virus
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Causes severe hemorrhagic fever in babies iwth maternal Ab against this virus or individuals w/ previous infection, who are infected with a 2nd viral serotype
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Dengue virus
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Enveloped (+) RNA virus causing fever with severe myalgia and arthralgia
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Dengue virus
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Designated "Post-transfusion Hepatitis"
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HCV
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Hepatitis spread seen in needle sharing or sexual transmission
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HCV
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Hepatitis w/ highest rate of chronicity
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HCV
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Chronic hepatitis leading to liver failure and cirrhosis
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HCV
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Mosquito born viral infection of birds, horses, and humans leading to encephalitis and death mainly in debilitated elderly persons
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West Nile
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A Flavivirus in the US that infects birds and humans and can cause encephalitis
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West Nile
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Viral Vector: Culex mosquito
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St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
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Mosquito born encephalitis causing virus endemic in Canada, US, Caribbean, and S. America with disease most severe in the elderly
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St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
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Rare cause of chronic hepatitis also transmitted via blood
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HGV
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RNA virus with surface glycoprotein spikes that force the envelope to wrap tightly
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Togavirus
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German measles
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Rubella
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Enveloped (+) strand RNA virus that can cross the placenta leading to congenital birth defects
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Rubella
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Respiratory virus that causes a 3 day rash that is lighter in color than measles rash
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Rubella
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Enveloped (+) strand RNA virus leading to improper development of fetus causing cataracts, mental retardation, and deafness
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Rubella
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Mosquito borne Togaviruses
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Alphaviruses
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Equine encephalitis viruses (WEE, EEE, VEE)
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Alphaviruses
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Dead-end host of these Togaviruses are horses
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Alphaviruses
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Normal hosts of these Togaviruses are birds
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Alphaviruses
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2nd disease stage of this enveloped (+) RNA virus presents with prolonged arthralgic disease affecting joints of extremities for weeks, months, years
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Chikungunya Virus
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RNA virus with prominent club-shaped surface glycoproteins making it resemble a crown
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Coronavirus
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The only enveloped (+) strand RNA virus that has a helical-shaped nucleocapsid
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Coronavirus
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2nd most common cause of the common cold
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Corona Virus
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Common cold infection appears in winter and spring (colder months)
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Corona Virus
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Common cold virus with greater nasal discharge
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Corona Virus
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Zoonotic Corona virus
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SARS-Corona Virus
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Helical-shaped enveloped (+) RNA virus leading to severe pneumonia
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SARS-Corona Virus
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Negative sense ss viruses w/ Fusion proteins that lead to multinucleated giant cells or syncytia
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Paramyxovirus
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Rubeola
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Measles virus
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Paramyxovirus with H and F glycoproteins
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Measles virus
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Koplik spots on buccal mucosa
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Measles virus
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Erythematous maculopapular rash that starts on face and moves down, becoming quite confluent
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Measles virus
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Subacute sclerosing (panencephalitis (SSPE)
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Measles virus
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Complications in T cell deficient children lead to bronchopneumonia with giant cells (Warthin-finkeldey cells)
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Measles virus
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Enveloped (-) RNA viral infection prodrome starts with fever and CCCP (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, and photophobia)
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Measles virus
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Viremia leading to salivary gland enlargement and parotitis
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Mumps
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Viral complications in men include orchitis and aspetic meningitis
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Mumps
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Mostly pediatric viral illness causing croup (seal bark cough) and laryngitis
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Parainfluenza virus
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Enveloped (-) RNA virus causing laryngotracheobronchitis and subglottal swelling
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Parainfluenza virus
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Paramyxovirus that only has F glycoprotein
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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Most important cause of lower respiratory tract illness in infants and young children
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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Enveloped (-) strand RNA virus that causes bronchiolitis and expiratory wheezes due to necrosis of the bronchioles
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
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2nd most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in young children
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Metapneumovirus
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Causes bronchiolitis and pneumonia in slightly older children than RSV
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Metapneumovirus
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Rhabdovirus
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Rabies
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Bullet shaped virus
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Rabies
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Virus transmitted to humans by bat contact or dog bite
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Rabies
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Negri Bodies (Eosinohilic intracytoplasmic inclusions)
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Rabies
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Hydrophobia
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Rabies
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Virus grows in muscle and moves to CNS by axonal transport
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Rabies
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Birus grows in grey matter and causes, hydrohobia, seizures, and hallucinations
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Rabies
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Only viral disease that can be prevented by vaccination after virus acquisition
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Rabies
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Long helical thread-shaped filamentous RNA virus
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Filovirus
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Most severe of the hemorrhagic fevers
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Filovirus
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Hemorrhagic fever virus discovered in Zaire/Congo with outbreaks in Sudan
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Ebola
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Hemorrhagic fever virus first detected in Germany from exposure to African Green Monkey tissue
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Marburg Virus
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Rare Filovirus causing hemorrhagic fever in Zimbabwe and Kenya
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Marburg Virus
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Negative ssRNA virus causing or exacerbating neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia and autism
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Borna Disease Virus (BDV)
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8 ssRNA (-) virus
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Orthomyxovirus
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Influenza (Flu)
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Orthomyxovirus
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Surface proteins are Neurominidase (N) and Hemagglutinin (H)
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Orthomyxovirus
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M2 membrane protein
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Influenza A Virus
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Orthomyxovirus causing epidemics and pandemics infecting humans
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Influenza A Virus
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Genetic reassortment responsible for worldwide outbreaks
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Influenza A Virus
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H1N1
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Influenza A Virus
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New strains of the virus can be created in pigs from both human, pig, and bird strains
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Influenza A Virus
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Enveloped (-) multi-segmented RNA virus is a major cause of death in elderly from secondary bacterial lung infections
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Influenza A Virus
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Orthomyxovirus causing epidemics only and not pandemics
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Influenza B Virus
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Orthomyxovirus causing minor repiratory illnesses (no epidemics)
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Influenza C Virus
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RNA viruses with two (-) strands and one ambisense strand
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Bunyavirus
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Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) directly from inhaled rodent feces
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Hantavirus (Sin Nombre)
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Deer Mouse-borne pulmonary hemorrhagic fever
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Hantavirus (Sin Nombre)
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Inhalation of aerosolized rodent secretions in USA causing interstitial pulmonary edema and death within days
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Hantavirus (Sin Nombre)
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N. America encephalitis in school-aged children spread by Aedes mosquitoes
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California Encephalitis Virus
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Viruses with "sandy" appearance due to ribosomes in virion
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Arenavirus
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Enveloped (-) strand RNA viruses containing one (-) RNA strand and one ambisense strand
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Arenavirus
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Virus causing aspetic meningitis (sometimes fatal) associated with hamsters and mice
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Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
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Enveloped (-) RNA virus infecting house mice and hamsters
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Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus
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Lassa Fever (West Africa)
Junin Fever (Argentina) Machupo Fever (Bolivia) |
Hemorrhagic Fever Arenaviruses
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Delta virus
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HDV
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ss circular (-) RNA virus that encodes just one protein
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HDV
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The genome of this (-) RNA virus also functions as a ribozyme
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HDV
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Defective viral parasite requiring Hep B surface Ag for replication
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HDV
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Superinfection leads to major cirrhosis and fulminant hepatitis
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HDV
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Diploid RNA
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Retroviruses
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Viruses with duplicate copies of (+) ssRNA
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Retrovirus
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Diploid virus carrying Reverse Transpriptase
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Retrovirus
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Enveloped RNA virus that encodes RNA dependent RNA polymerase
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Retrovirus
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Virus tat can cause Adult Acute T cell Lymphocytic Leukemia (ATLL)
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HTLV-1
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Virus associated with Hairy Cell Leukemia, a B cell disease
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HTLV-2
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AIDS
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HIV
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Virus that binds CXCR4 and CCR5 receptors on macrophages
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HIV
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Lentivirus with glycoprotein gp120 and transmembrane protein gp41
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HIV
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Major enveloped RNA virus that persistently infects macrophages and is cytolytic for T cells
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HIV
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Pol gene codes for protease, integrase, and reverse transcriptase
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HIV
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Env gene codes for surface glycoprotein gp120 & transmembrane protein gp41
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HIV
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