Extra Info

Front 1

4 extrinsic tongue muscles
-innervations

Back 1

Palatoglossus - CN X

Genioglossus = XII
Hyoglossus - XII
Syloglossus - CN XII

Front 2

Muscles innervated by Hypoglossal nerve:

Back 2

-All intrinsic tongue mm
-All extrinsic except palatoglossus

Front 3

Palatoglossus nerve

Back 3

CN X

Front 4

Muscle innervated by CN IX:

Back 4

Stylopharyngeus

Front 5

"STYLOID" muscles and nerves:

Back 5

-Stylohyoid - CN VII
-Stylopharyngeus - CN IX (pharn)
-Styloglossus - CN XII (glossal)

Front 6

Tongue - Ant 2/3
-Taste
-Sensory
-Motor

Back 6

Taste = VII (chorda tympani)

Sensory = V3

Motor = XII

Front 7

Tongue - Post 1/3
-Taste
-Sensory
-Motor

Back 7

Taste = IX

Sensory = IX & X (superior laryngeal)

Motor = XII and X (palatoglossus)

Front 8

Route of Ophthalmic branch - Lacrimal:

Back 8

Between lateral rectus muscle and orbit roof

Front 9

Route of Ophthalmic branch - Frontal branch - Supratochlear:

Back 9

Deep to periorbita
Superficial to levator palpebrae

Front 10

Route of Ophthalmic branch - Frontal branch - Supraorbital:

Back 10

Through supraorbital notch

Front 11

Route of Ophthalmic branch - Nasociliary:

Back 11

-Within muscular cone and tendinous ring of rectus muscles
-Crosses optic n. w/ Opthalmic artery

Front 12

Dura mater - 2 layers:

Back 12

1. endosteal
2. meningeal

Front 13

Dura mater - 4 folds:

Back 13

-Falx cerebri
-Falx cerebelli
-Tentorium cerebelli
-Tentorium sellae (diaphragma)

Front 14

What pierces Diaphragma sellae?

Back 14

Pituitary stalk

Front 15

Nerves supplying dura mater:

Back 15

CN V
CN X
Cervical nn via XII

Front 16

Arterial supply to Dura mater:
Venous draingage:

Back 16

Middle meningeal artery
Middle meningeal vein

Front 17

7 Venous sinouses:

Back 17

1. Superior sagittal
2. Inferior sagittal
3. Straight sinus
4. Transverse sinus
5. Sigmoid sinus
6. Cavernous sinus
7. Petrosals - sup/inf

Front 18

Superior sagittal drains into

Back 18

confluence

Front 19

Inferior sagittal joins

Back 19

Great Cerebral Vein (of Galen)

Front 20

Great cerebral vein forms

Back 20

Straight sinus

Front 21

Straight sinus - attachment of:

Back 21

-Falx cerebri
-Tentorium cerebelli

Front 22

Sigmoid sinuses drain into

Back 22

IJV

Front 23

What passes through the cavernous sinuses?

Back 23

-CNs 3, 4, V1, V2, 6
-Internal carotid artery

Front 24

Cavernous sinuses drain into:

Back 24

Sup/Inf Petrosal sinuses

Front 25

Superior Petrosal sinus drains into:

Back 25

Sigmoid sinus

Front 26

Inferior Petrosal sinus drains into:

Back 26

IJV

Front 27

Vascular supply to Arachnoid mater:

Back 27

nothing - it's avascular

Front 28

What is the purpose of arachnoid granulations?

Back 28

Project into venous sinuses and reabsorb CSF

Front 29

Pia mater

Back 29

Faithfully follows contour of the brain

Front 30

4 types of intracranial hemorrhages:

Back 30

1. Epidural
2. Subdural
3. Subarachnoid
4. Cerebral

Front 31

Vessels associated with Epidural hemorrhage:

Back 31

Meningeal aa or vein

Front 32

Vessels associated with Subdural hemorrhage:
-Between what 2 layers?

Back 32

Superior cerebral
-Between Dura/arachnoid

Front 33

Vessels associated with Subarachnoid hemorrhage:
-Between what 2 layers?

Back 33

Cerebral arterial circle (of
Willis)
-Between subArachnoid/Pia

Front 34

Vessels associated with Cerebral hemorrhage:

Back 34

Intracerebral

Front 35

Site of CSF secretion:

Back 35

Choroid plexus

Front 36

First 4 steps - CSF circulation:

Back 36

-Lateral Ventricles (R/L)
-3rd ventricle via intraventricular foramina
-Cerebral aqueduct (at bottom of 3rd ventricle
-4th Ventricle

Front 37

How CSF exits the 4th ventricle:

Back 37

Via 3 foramina:
-Foramen of Matradi - median
-Lateral Foramina of Lushka (2)

Front 38

Where does CSF flow into from exiting the 4th ventricle?

Back 38

Subarachnoid space and cisterns

Front 39

How does CSF exit the subarachnoid space?

Back 39

Via arachnoid granulations - they project up into venous sinuses and allow CSF reabsptn.

Front 40

What is Hydrocephalus?

Back 40

Increased CSF volume which causes ventricular dilation.

Front 41

What is a common traumatic cause of Hydrocephaly?

Back 41

Fracture in the occipital region

Front 42

3 things cause Hydrocephaly (increased CSF)

Back 42

1. Increased production
2. Blocked circulation
3. Decreased reabsorption

Front 43

2 Types of Hydrocephaly:

Back 43

-Communicating
-Noncommunicating

Front 44

What is noncommunicating hydrocephaly?

Back 44

Blocked circulation due to obstructed ventrical system.

Front 45

Where is usual site of obstruction in noncommunicating hydrocephaly?

Back 45

Cerebral aqueduct (btwn 3rd/4th ventricles)

Front 46

What causes Communicating Hydrocephaly?

Back 46

CSF can't get from subarachnoid space into venous sinuses.

Front 47

2 main arteries supply Circle of Willis:

Back 47

1. ICA
2. Vertebral aa.

Front 48

Vertebral aa's branch from ___ and enter the skull via:

Back 48

Subclavian a. via Foramen Magnum and Transverse foramina (cervical vertebrae)

Front 49

How does ICA enter the skull?

Back 49

Via carotid canal (petrous temporal bone) through upper part of Foramen Lacerum.

Front 50

Where does ICA go after entering the skull via Foramen lacerum?

Back 50

Cavernous sinus -> penetrates dura -> subarachnoid space -> branches

Front 51

What are the most important branches of ICA in the brain?

Back 51

-Ophthalmic a.
-Anterior cerebral aa.
-Middle cerebral aa.
-Hypothalamic/pituitary branches

Front 52

What cranial nerve will be affected by an aneurism in AICA?

Back 52

Abducent CN VI

Front 53

What typically causes CVA?

Back 53

(CVA=cerebrovasc accidents)
-Ischemia
-Infarct

Front 54

From which can brain recover?

Back 54

Ischemia - infarct results in tissue death.

Front 55

What is the difference between ischemia and infarct?

Back 55

Ischemia = decr. blood flow

Infarct = ceased blood flow

Front 56

What is the back border of the anterior cranial fossa?

Back 56

LESSER sphenoid wing - not ant clinoid processes!

Front 57

What is crista galli's function?

Back 57

Attachment of Falx Cerebri